Group Process - 2412 Words

2.1 Group process: inclusion A cornerstone for facilitators is to understand what happens to people in groups. To do this, we need to look both at what people set out to achieve, the task, as well as how they get along – the processes of group activity. People often behave quite differently in groups and teams from one-to-one settings. Some people become quiet, others turn into bullies or tormentors, some become jokers. For the facilitator who has to rely on others for getting the job done, this can be daunting. Why is it that a meeting feels electric one moment and awkward the next? Why do some people refuse to communicate while others do all the talking? It becomes easier to understand the process level if we take a practical example.†¦show more content†¦(5 minutes) Discuss the reality of people feeling ‘in’ or ‘out’ of a team. Does it really happen? (5 minutes) Consider the issues and outcomes for people who might feel signiï ¬ cant or insigniï ¬ cant in a team o r group. Likely topics to surface here are trust, need for attention, feeling valued, sense of belonging, safety, communication, under-achievement. Prompt if necessary. (10 minutes) Ask the group to consider the case of a team that loses one or two of its key players. Get the group to brainstorm examples of how such a team might include or exclude new employees – for example, not introducing themselves, not sharing information, making in-jokes. (10 minutes) Ask people to discuss in pairs one or two experiences they have had when they felt excluded from a group or team and what impact this had on them. If they can’t think of any experiences for themselves, ask them to share their observations of other people who they’ve seen being excluded from a group or team. (10–15 minutes) Draw together the whole group for discussion. The point here is to raise awareness in people of inclusion/exclusion as an important reality of team behaviour. If people are excluding others or themselves this will impact on team performance. Consider, with the group, appropriate strategies for dealing with people who are either beingShow MoreRelatedGroup Reflection : Group Process767 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Reflection Group My concept of what a group consist of is a story that needs to be told and heard from many people with similar issues or problems. The group is a tool to help each member to gain some insight on how they can change or make a difference in their lives for the future. I feel that a group is a place where new relationships can develop and to find self again. Group Process The group process is facilitated by a counselor by the process has to be done by the members. It can be easyRead MoreThe Planning Process For A Group1480 Words   |  6 Pagesone must address in the planning process for a group. Northen and Kurland’s (2001) chapter, Planning, gave a clear understanding of six of the eight aspects to consider when organizing a group. The authors provide their reader with the background knowledge of why this phase is important. Before the initial meeting of a group the social worker needs to contemplate how the group will come together; they must prepare by making decisions on various aspects of the group that abides by the agency and professionalRead MoreThe Internationalisation Process Of Tata Group2345 Words   |  10 Pagesanalysed the internationalisation process of Tata Group, which is achieved primarily through merger and acquisition (MA). It examined in detail several Tata companies, including Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Teas, and Tata Steel, to evaluate their strategies in globalisaing markets, with a focus on the role of MA in the internationalisation process of Tata Group. The case also provided an in-depth analysis of economic setting and global trend, to demonstrate how Tata Group adjust its strategies correspondinglyRead MoreReflection Of Group Counseling Process And Mental Health Group Activities829 Words   |  4 PagesA Reflection of Group Counseling Process and Mental Health Group Activities One might say the best teachers are the ones who go over and beyond the call of duty to assist their children. This idea could especially be proven true given the factors that are affecting the social and academic capabilities of the students we teach on a daily basis. One emerging, yet commonly overlooked factor is mental health. Mental health is one of those issues seen to be taboo in schools but is becoming a widespreadRead MoreInter-Professional Learning Reflection on Group Process1627 Words   |  7 Pages-Inter-professional Learning Reflection on group process Reflection summary Following completion of the above unit, I reflected on the group process (comprising 10 members of students from various allied health professions), considering my role in the group, how I related to others and the group in relation to the relevant theory. I have written this reflection using John’s Model For Structured Reflection (2000). Looking in During this unit, each group was given a task to design a campaign toRead MoreGroup Process Paper1223 Words   |  5 PagesPankaj Garg Date: 04/17/2006 ORG 530 (online) Group Process paper Our group is a 5-member team whose goal was to finish the assignment on time. We were committed to working together to be successful because our class experience and grade was related to successfully completing this assignment. Our team worked together collaboratively to analyze the issue and to plan for an organized presentation. When we began our meeting, we knew that we wanted our end-results to be some sort of solution andRead MoreGroup Behavior and Process947 Words   |  4 PagesGROUP BEHAVIOR AND PROCESSES MTG/331 How do groups become a high performance team: Stressing the importance of a clear and elevating goal in performance of an effective team. Goal clarity is a specific performance objective, phrased in such concrete language that it is possible to tell, unequivocally, whether or not that performance objective has been attained challenging and that it makes a difference. Possibly be the most important component of an effectively functioning teamRead MoreThe Project Management Process Groups927 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Process Groups: A Case Study Learning Objectives o Describe the five project management (PM) process groups, the typical level of activity for each, and the interactions among them. o Understand how the project management process groups relate to the project management knowledge areas. o Discuss how organizations develop IT project management methodologies to meet their needs. Learning Objectives (Cont.) o Review a case study of an organization applying the PM process groups to manageRead MoreQuestions On The Group Process Tools1380 Words   |  6 PagesAfter looking at the Group Process Tools, decide which 3 you will use in your meeting to determine your school baseline. Tell me the name of the tools and describe how you will use them. The following three Group Process Tools will be used to determine the school baseline: T-Chart Activity: Described as a tool used to help individuals see the opposite dimension of an issue, the T-Chart Activity would be a great tool to use in the school meeting. During the meeting this activity will be used as aRead MorePersonal Statement On The Group Process977 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructively confront another group member. I, also, consider the possible reasons for several members’ reluctance to disclose. Yalom Leszcz (2005) stated: â€Å"If there is something important going on in the group that cannot be talked about, there will always be a degree of generalized communicative inhibition† (p. 243). The educational nature of the group, I believe, inhibits members from self-disclosing fully and giving honest feedback. By observing this situation in the group process, I have increased my

Ifacs Evolution Model of Management Accounting - 2827 Words

Introduction In 1989, the understanding of the scope and purposes of management accounting and the concepts which underpinned it was summarized by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) in a statement. Later on in 1998, the statement was revised and released as Management Accounting Concepts – Number 1 in the series of International Management Accounting Practice Statements. The purpose of this article is to explain the IFAC’s perspective of the change in management accounting. This can be justified by the author when he surveyed the stages of evolution of the management accounting practices in the food and drinks companies in United Kingdom and used it to further develop and apply the IFAC-based model. Since the 1980’s†¦show more content†¦According to Horngren et al. (2005), management control system is an integrated technique for collecting and using information to motivate employee behaviour and to evaluate performance. The information provided are used by most of the managers to plan the way they want people to perform, then they implement procedures to determine whether actual performance complies with these plans. The information provided are very important to the organization because the information is used as a guide in running the operation and the actual performance of the operation should be measured at the end of year to match with the planning made by the organization. It is a very beneficial way for them to detect when there is underperforming occurred and then appropriate action will be taken. After that, IFAC‘s attention was focused on the reduction of waste in resources used in business processes, through the use of process analysis and cost management technologies by 1985. In this stage, the rapid technological development such as the use of robotics and computer- controlled processes improved the quality of production and also greatly reduce costs. The use of the computers and information technology (IT) is to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of production in the business. The last stage of evolution of the management accounting identified by IFAC is the generation or creation of value through the effective use of resources, which examine the drivers of customerShow MoreRelatedCons and Pros of Internet16245 Words   |  65 PagesAccounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum. pp. 5-27. 2006 5 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors Ray Ball* Abstract—Accounting in shaped by economic and political forces. It follows that increased worldwide integration of both markets and politics (driven by reductions in communications and information processing costs) makes increased integration of financial reporting standards and practice almost inevitable. But most

Bullying Essay Example For Students

Bullying Essay A bullying  essay is a common academic paper in schools which requires you to highlight unfairness, humiliation and discriminating treatment to the peanut gallery by an individual or a group of people. These are some of the most prevalent occurrences in schools. When writing an essay about how to stop  bullying, your content and side of the campaign  will be similar to that which you would use when asked to write a bullying argumentative essay. Being among the sensitive  topics, you need to have a concerned and serious attitude when outlining facts and personal perspectives in the paper.   There are many ideas for a bullying essay, schools social media harassment to the peanut gallery  and bullying  through messages. If you are writing about how to stop bullying  among college students,  you need a dedicated approach, and you can achieve this by keeping a clear strategy concerning the way you structure your work and campaign  against it. Outline1 Write an Outline2 Thesis Statement3 Writing the Body4 Conclusion Write an Outline An  outline  is an effective technique that helps save your time and ensures that your writing is well organized. Make a comprehensive abstract  plan to help you organize your ideas for a bullying essay and to make sure you don’t miss the key points. An outline  helps you know the strong ideas and  titles for your bullying paper. Steps to Follow When Developing the Introduction of Your Essay Interesting If you are having trouble getting the right ideas or titles  on how you can come up with an impressive introduction  of your  bully beatdown  assignment, check these recommendations that will surely attract the attention  of your readers. Develop an abstract  highlighting the summary and the major point of the paper Begin by explaining what bullying  is and let the reader have a clear picture of why the topic is relevant and why they need to campaign  on how to stop bullying  issue. Highlight the problem by introducing the complications that come with it. The appropriate way to do this is by providing reliable data. This is because it is prevalent with many victims  mostly to the peanut gallery  and it will be easier to find statistics. Thesis Statement Write a striking thesis statement. In order to come up with a powerful thesis statement  explaining your side of the campaign, here are four steps you need to follow to make sure you don’t drift from the main point in your bullying  essay. It should be focused. If you come up with a statement that is too general it will be difficult or even impossible to defend it. Also, you need to make it clear enough such that your readers get your campaign  point right away and your propositions on how to stop bullying. It should be arguable. This means that it should have different sides of arguments. Although you will set up your particular side of the defense, there should be another side of the discussion that can be up for debate in your bullying  essay. Pick your side. You need to have a clear statement which will express your point of view on one specific campaign  side of the  arguments  that you will stand on Finally, your thesis  needs to choose a claim which you will support all through your essay Examples of a Thesis Statement; Bullying  is a problem to teachers; parents, administrators, and the peanut gallery  since it affect the society at large Bullying  is a merging issue with many victims, and it is affecting many students commonly the peanut gallery  in schools once they are away from the protection of their parents. Bullying  not only affects the victim  physically but also their emotional life. Writing the Body In this part, make your bullying  essay engaging by including some few real-time experiences from the victim  using 3-4 paragraphs. Relate how some parts of their lives were influenced or affected because of shame, misery, sadness, unhappiness being ridiculed. Use examples of how most of their interaction, happiness, quotient, personal growth, activities participation, enthusiasm, studies, and other activities affected most of the involved victim. Dont use Harsh Words Since you are writing an essay to evoke and express some feeling to the audience, restrain yourself from condemning or judging the bullies as people who are evil, wicked or attention getters who want to take advantage of the  peanut gallery. Remember bullies may come across your piece and may impact their behavior for the better. Let your motive and campaign  behind your assignment expand toward effects of victimization in both short and long-term and include some measures to stop bullying. Also, emphasize the way it can be tackled and suggest an effective campaign  that can be used to stop bullying  or lessen bully beatdown in schools. Mention the Bullies Still, in the body part, you will need to include a passage and campaign  about the bullies’ motives, and the reason why they do it. Mentions various reasons such as emotional pleasures, attention getter, lack of confidence, and feeling of conquest, power, and control they get once they do it. As you conclude on this part, you can leave a question directed to them enquiring how they benefit by killing the joy of their fellow schoolmate especially those from the peanut gallery and also suggest some ways on how to  stop bullying. Empathize and Propose some Actions Remember that when writing on such topics, someone somewhere is suffering. Thus, let your language be empathetic such that the victim and the affected ones wont feel alone or disoriented. Give some suggestions of diminishing bully beatdown  how it can be tackled such as getting counseling, starting harassment campaign, having direct communication with their bullies, connecting and sharing experiences with another  victim,  finding humor; getting stronger, etc. Conclusion Some students have the notion that on the conclusion  part of bullying argumentative essay; they will only need to highlight a summary of what they have already discussed which is a misconception. You need to explain to the audience why it was worth spent their time reading your paper. Make them understand what makes your exploration campaign  valuable and how we can stop bullying. Moreover, you will have to give out your suggestions and campaign  ideas concerning the measures or helpful  campaign which can be undertaken to end bully beatdown  and to stop bullying  and save the victim. The concluding paragraph of your essay is the reflection of all you have written which can sound like the final verdict. Keep in mind that the audience will concentrate most on your last lines and your suggestion campaign  on reducing bully beatdown  to save the victim  mainly those from the peanut gallery  more than they do on the rest of your paper. Thus, make it clear and concise. Recapitulate the main points and also provide your point of view and give suggestion on how to bring down bully beatdown  and stop bullying. Just remember not to add any new information in this part. Proofread and edit your work prior to submission.

Parents Influence In Kids Lifes. Essays - Parenting, Childhood

Parents Influence In Kids Lifes. Throughout the ages parents have had an impact on their child's education and learning ability. It is strange for a child to succeed and accomplish a goal that requires 12- 16 years of school without there parents or guardians standing next to them to support them with there studies. But will they put a negative or a positive impact on the way they educate their child. A parent can have a positive contribution to their children's success if the child understands what the parent is trying address. A most successful way for a child to learn is for the parents to establish an environment which a child feels more comfortable studying in. A parent should be more involved in their child's education and should be more aware on how he/she are doing in school, that will give them an idea on how the child is performing in their studies therefore a parent can help them in their weaknesses. Parents should well inform their kids how important a school education really is therefore their children are better prepared than other students in their school. On the other hand a child's dream can go down the drain when a parent does not put much importance in their education. It is also hard for a child to learn and to concentrate when a parent is putting to much pressure on them. With parents demand so high sometimes, children can feel a big effect on the pushing and pulling of their parents for schooling and it will affect their performance in school. Sometimes kids need to spend more time with their parents than with others, In my case, I didn't need as much attention as other people would of appreciated. In the Amy Tan essay a young Chinese American girl grew up living with a non-fluent mother and beat all odds and became a journalist. It doesn't necessarily mean that if you live in a household which English isn't the primary language that you wont succeed and it doesn't mean that you will succeed either, its all up to the child if he/she is willing to try. Examples vary in different ethnicity's. In my family, I had support in both sides of my family my mother and father they both have been a big reason of my success today. A parent can teach a child to a certain point but its up to the child if he/she wants to comprehend. In different cases sometimes the odds can go better of because then it makes you try harder and to strive for your goal.

Drugs in a Workplace

Drugs in a Workplace Free Online Research Papers In recent years Illicit drug use has become more prevalent in the workplace. Consequently, many employers began administering random drug tests to ensure the full performance and efficiency of their employees. While an employer has the right to ensure that his staff are fulfilling their contractual agreements and maximizing potential revenue for the firm, the established drug testing programs that are currently in use are subject to numerous flaws. Primarily, these tests are both inaccurate and ambiguous and as such they are ineffective at preventing workplace drug abuse. Secondly, the invasive nature of these tests lowers employee morale, which in turn leads to lower performance. Thirdly, these tests require the submission of personal fluids and may reveal other personal information that is not relevant to the scope of the job. Furthermore, the use of these tests is a clear violation of an employee’s personal autonomy. Consequently, due to the aforementioned issues, I strongly believe that the current method of drug testing in the work place does not hold sufficient stance in order to justify the invasion of employee privacy rights. Furthermore, I believe that more effective means are available and should be adopted by employers who are seeking to identify drug users in their workplace. The central flaw of workplace drug tests is their ambiguity and likelihood of error. Specifically, most workplace drug tests use urine analysis to determine whether the individual in question is guilty of illicit drug abuse. However, statistical data shows that tests using urine samples are subject to over 30% rate of error , and are therefore an inappropriate method of testing. Furthermore, urine sample drug tests detect any traces of drugs that are present in the individual’s body at the time of testing, even though these drugs may no longer be active. Additionally, there are currently 250 medications that could cause a false positive, these include such drugs as Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, and Midol . Furthermore, the test ambiguity results from the fact that the tests do not specify whether the drugs were taken during work hours or whether they were used on the employee’s leisurely time and are therefore a violations of privacy. Lastly, urine analysis tests are time inef ficient as any positive results must undergo a second review before they could be remitted as legitimate . Thus, while the central purpose of drug testing is to prevent any potential injuries within the workplace, the length of time that it takes for these tests’ results to come in leaves plenty of opportunity for potential harms and injuries to occur. Consequently, it is apparent that due to their rate of error, lack of precision with regards to the time of abuse, and a lengthy processing period urine sample drugs tests are ambiguous and ineffective and as such should no longer be administered by employers. The detrimental effects that drugs tests have on employee morale is the second reason why employers should immediately cease their implementation. According to the article â€Å"Drug Testing and the Right Privacy: Arguing the Ethics of Workplace Drug testing† by Michael Cranford, drug tests are not only a good means of detecting poor employee performance, but also they enable employers to identify and resolve any drug abuse that is taking place within their workplace . However, in spite of these tests’ ability to identify workplace drug abusers they are highly detrimental as they may foster lower work performance and decrease employee morale. Specifically, seeing as these tests are highly invasive and require the submission of personal body fluids under the supervision of an observer they cause many employees to feel violated and mistrusted . Furthermore, according to Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska, authors of â€Å"Drug testing in Employment†, the random ad ministration of drug tests to all employees is not only unjustifiable but can also constitute a grave violation of one’s privacy. Conversely, while administering the drugs to all employees may seem unreasonable, targeting specific workers should also be prohibited as the selected individuals will feel discriminated against and their personal rights will be infringed upon. Consequently, it is apparent that the arbitrary administration of drug tests either to all employees or to specifically selected workers is not justifiable. Furthermore, not only are these tests not effective at maintaining high employee performance they result in lower employee morale and in a decreased work quality. A third downfall to urine sample drug tests is that they not only reveal any potential illicit substances present in one’s system, but they also detect additional medical information such as pregnancy . Such content may be personal to the employee and should not be disclosed to their employer. According to Desardins and Duska, â€Å" an employee’s right to privacy is violated whenever personal information is requested, collected, and/or used by an employer in a way or for any purpose that is irrelevant to or in violation of the contractual relationship that exists between the employer and employee† . Desardins and Duska further argued that â€Å" Since drug testing is a means for obtaining information, the information sought must be relevant to the contract in order for the drug testing to not violate privacy† . However, seeing as these tests not only specify drug abuse that takes place during work hours, but also reveal any illicit substances used during an employee’s leisurely time they may constitute a violation of one’s privacy. Furthermore, not only do urinary samples fail to specify the time of the illicit abuse, they also reveal additional private information such as pregnancy and the intake of prescribed medication. To conclude, the current method used for the detection of drugs is a violation of privacy as it reveals extraneous personal information about an employee that is not relevant to their work. Lastly, the forceful administration of mandatory drug testing fails to preserve an individuals’ right to autonomy. According to Diana Zorn, â€Å"to respect another’s autonomy is to treat them as individuals having the abilities required to be rational decision makers capable of identifying their own interests and making their own choices about the best means to advance† . However, by prohibiting the subject employees the ability to refuse the test with out negative re-precaution, employers are assuming that people are irrational human beings who in fact are not capable making their own decisions. Furthermore, Information privacy is violated when a person losses control over information that is rightfully personal . Seeing that urine tests reveal leisurely drug use, and other personal conditions, thereby causing the employee to lose control over personal information, and thus taking away ones’ autonomy. Conversely, it could be argued that autonomy has its limitations one of which being the harm principle. According to the harm principle if the preservation of a personal autonomy may lead to potential harm, it is justifiable to not honor such autonomy . However, due the fact that the current method of drug testing requires ample time for processing, such test is unable to prevent a large portion of harms, thereby annulling the harm principle. To conclude, a thorough analysis of the moral issues involved in the administration of mandatory drug testing in the workplace reveals that such tests are unethical and as such their practice should be ceased. Presently, the majority of drug tests implemented by employers are highly ambiguous and erroneous as they carry a high error rate and are enable to specify the time of the drug use. Furthermore, the primary purpose of these tests is to prevent future injuries in the work place and maintain high employee performance both of which the test fail to accomplish. Lastly, arbitrary urine sample drug tests constitute a grave infringement on employees’ privacy and constitutional rights and as such they should be deemed both unethical and illegal. Above all else, this method of drug testing fails to preserve an employees sense of autonomy. Given the numerous downfalls that urine sample drug tests carry I conclude that they are highly unethical and should no longer be administered by employers. Instead, workplaces nationwide would be well advised to adopt more effective and less invasive means of drug abuse surveillance by adopting computer based programs, such as the Bowles-Langley Computer Based Drug Testing , and carefully monitoring their staff. Research Papers on Drugs in a WorkplaceMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part OneUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAWGenetic Engineering

Converting Cubic Inches to Liters

Converting Cubic Inches to Liters This example problem demonstrates how to convert cubic inches to liters, using the real-life scenario of engine displacement, which is the combined swept displacement of all of the machines pistons in their cylinders. When someone describes the power of a car, that person might say that it has a 3.3-liter engine or some such example. Problem Many small car engines have an engine displacement of 151 cubic inches. What is this volume in liters? Working the Solution 1 inch 2.54 centimeters First, convert the measurements to cubic measurements. (1 inch)3 (2.54 cm)3 1 in3 16.387 cm3 Second, convert to cubic centimeters. Set up the conversion so that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want cubic centimeters to be the remaining unit. volume in cm3 (volume in in3) x (16.387 cm3/1 in3) volume in cm3 (151 x 16.387) cm3 volume in cm3 2,474.45 cm3 Third, convert to liters. 1 L 1,000 cm3 Set up the conversion so that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want liters to be the remaining unit. volume in L (volume in cm3) x (1 L/1,000 cm3) volume in L (2,474.45/1,000) L volume in L 2.474 L Answer A 151–cubic inch engine displaces 2.474 liters of space (or air).

CIM - Task 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CIM - Task 5 - Essay Example After analyzing the positive factors, the firms should also analyze the challenges that may impede its entry through optimal marketing mix. So, this report will analyze how the non-profit organisation, London Children’s Connection (LCC) can capitalise on the existing opportunities in India by entering it, with the aid of effective marketing strategies. London Children’s Connection (LCC) is a London based non-profit organization, which focuses on child care and their education, from infancy till their school age. â€Å"We provide high quality child care programs and related services that encompass the care, education and guidance of children, from infancy to school age.† (lcc.on.ca). The main customer base are the working parents, who are offered a variety of services. â€Å"home-based child care, centre-based child care, school-based care, and before and after school care† (lcc.on.ca). So, LCC positively supports the parents and importantly the children, by providing them safe and quality care as well as good basic education. LCC operates in London and the surrounding areas, but opportunities for it exist in other parts of the world as well. That is, the already successful LCC could be optimally utilized, if it concentrates on Third World countries like India. When it decides to enter the prospective country like India, it has to analyze few aspects. Although, nowadays India is developing economically, many people are still living below the poverty line. Among this proportion of downtrodden people, children are the main sufferers. In India, children living under the poverty line, orphans and also street children are all living in hazardous, vulnerable and unfavourable situations. That is, they live without proper parental care and without any basic education. â€Å"Nearly one-fourth of Indias population is below the poverty line. India accounts for more than 20 percent of the worlds out-of-school children. There are about 84 million orphaned and

Trade Mark Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Trade Mark - Case Study Example Second life. This scenario discusses whether the following trademark owned by Georgio currently registered as a Class 15 trademark for the past decade can be protected from infringement and potentially "passing off" by Donald and Bernard and /or Trade Mark Infringement under section 10 of the Trade Marks Act 1994. It is stated in the question that Georgio has traded under this trademark as world renowned producer of the finest musical instruments in the world and is currently a favourite brand with the high and mighty of tinsel town and it is also stated that his trademark is used to convey luxury. Therefore the question has been divided into two scenarios: A&B. I have been asked to advise Georgio as to the likelihood of the actions of Barnard being construed under the law as trademark infringement as he has launched an advertising campaign on billboards aiming to sell expensive chocolate by depicting a 'Georgio' piano dripping with liquid chocolate and in which the logo is clearly visible.The Question would also like me to consider the legalities of such a scenario in the virtual world like second life. In this part of the question I have been ... The theoretical premise of Property rights and trademarks An understanding of the philosophical premises behind Property rights are necessary in the understanding of the tug of war between the owners and the users of intangible information.1 Legal Commentators have often expressed their doubts as to whether these rights are actually rights or privileges as Machlup and Penrose have noted:2 " ... those who started to use the word property in connection with inventions had a very definite purpose in mind they wanted to substitute a word with a respectable connotation, 'property', for a word that had an unpleasant ring, 'privilege'." Intellectual property as a "property" thus is an intangible category of property with boundaries that are not always clear cut and which must be actively defended by the holder against infringements. 3 Tangible property is however visible and documented, and the boundaries are more easily given than for intellectual property.4The law has developed to protect a person who holds certain intellectual property will be able to defend this property only if he/she is granted a particular right over this property. For example in relation to patents the rights are defined by the patent authorities based on what is defined in the patent claims.Like other property (tangible) one has to pay certain fees in order to have their "intellectual" property claim examined and determined and also of continuance fees paid.5 The concept of property rights thus stems from the ideas of John Locke.6Furthermore the notions of property rights developed in the 18th century as one of the core civil rights parallel to-and mutually reinforcing-the right to liberty.7However, most

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay Ancient philosopher Confucius, who was considered the first professional teacher in China, opened an old-style private school in his hometown. The school enrolled more 3,000 students, and those students just paid a symbolic tuition fee as some crops and meat. The old-style private school has been followed for more than 2000 years. Therefore, the simplest and best way to disseminate knowledge is free education. China had a nine years’ compulsory education but it is not advance with the times now. China should extend years for the compulsory education that free education to senior high school students. With high school free education, students will have equal opportunities to be educated, focus on learning and improving, and improve the standard of living. Let’s look at those benefits of high school free education. Provide equal opportunities Free education of senior high school can also provide equal opportunities as the normal kid to the poor. In the past time, only wealthy people had chance to receive education, but some poor people could not. Now, everyone has right to get knowledge. Free education is a key to open the doors of hope for some smart and poor teenagers. They can have the equal opportunity as the riches to be educated. In the article, â€Å"Free education provides equal opportunities† reported that the government of China had released a newly plan of education that providing equal opportunities in education. The government will expend more power to resolve ingrained problems as extend free education. In many Chinese parents’ mind, if their children have a good and equal beginning in education, it will have a lot of means and benefits for a child’s future (Zhang Jingya, 2010). We can assure that some intelligent and poor students can gain the equal chances through free education. Free education provides some advantages to those people who deserve it and cherish it. In today’ society, everybody wants to have a brighter future, so it is not humanized to lose the better future because of the economic problem. Everyone has the chance to have a comfortable life and the only way to make it come true is to have enough knowledge. If the society can provide an equal chance for the teen that do not have the condition to be educated, they will offer society a better tomorrow. Focus on learning and Improving Free education of senior high school will help the teenagers focus on learning and improving. China promulgated the law on compulsory education in 1986. The government should provide a nine years compulsory education that school should be free of tuition fees and other expenses for all young people. If China extends years for the compulsory education to high school students, it will help some students without worry about the payment of tuition fees and other expenses. They should focus on learning and receiving more knowledge. For example, in the article â€Å"China pledges elimination of rural compulsory education charges in two years†, author says that in some places that particularly in the impoverished rural regions, the law of compulsory education didn’t executed because local government couldn’t cost. Many schools are forcing for continue to collect expenses and charge various miscellaneous fees on their students as voluntary donations, fund-raising for school construction, and after-school tutoring fees (March 5, 2006). Free high school education will help students to pay more attention to learning not the economic hardship of their family. Furthermore, teenagers in senior high school age are about the puberty. That means they are not mature enough in their body and mind. They can’t distinguish the right or wrong in a very advisable way like the adult. As the reason of that, if they give up attending high school because of the economic problem and entering society too early they may lose their way. It is so easy that they make a mistake which will influence their entire life, like involved in a crime. The free education of high school can change this situation. It is better to keep the teenagers in school so they can learn more knowledge and mature their outlook on life. Improve the standard of living Free education of senior high school can improve the standard of living. Francis Bacon said â€Å"Knowledge is Power†. This kind of power should make people’s life more wonderful and colorful because knowledge can produce many things. Free high school education would help more people have higher education. In the article, â€Å"Knowledge Changes Fate†, the author said that knowledge becomes the most significant content of human’s life. It contributes a lot in the economic, welfare and culture of the society. The foundation that supports the movie â€Å"Knowledge Changes Fate† wants to express the theme that the only way to change your fate is to be educated and get more knowledge (Li kasheng, 1999). When people are high educated, they would have more chances to achieve their dreams and plans. Obviously, higher education can help people to win the fierce competition and earns more money. They can live the life better by being successful. When people have higher education, people will think about to improve their personal cultivation after eliminate the struggle for basic needs. As they feel satisfied about their own life, they will do some society works and volunteering and concern more issues which like the society problems and environment problems. Therefore, more free education would have positive and upward influences for the overall quality and minding in the society. Conclusion As all of the content of the essay states, free education of senior high school can advantage our society by many different ways. It can provide an equal opportunity to the teen that cannot bear the cost of education, help the teen to focus on learning and improving, and improve the whole living standard of the society. Although China is a powerful and prosperous country today, our education system still has many leaks need to improve and the most urgent is the free education. If the expectation of free education comes true, China will step in a brand new future. The ancient philosopher Confucius enrolled almost 3000 students and he only charged the tuition fee of some crops and meat as the free education. How the ancient can do this kind of free education, but we cannot? The knowledge is invaluable because it help people to change their whole life. On another hand, senior high school education should be free in China. References China pledges elimination of rural compulsory education charges in two years. (2006). Retrieved March 5, 2006, from http://english. peopledaily. com. cn/200603/05/print20060305_248042. html Jingya, Z. (2010). Free education provides equal opportunities. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://english. cntv. cn/program/china24/20100806/100804. shtml Kashing, L. (1999). Knowledge changes fate. Retrieved from http://www. lksf. org/en/project/education/knowledge/main01.

The Form of Non-Traditional Blazon Essay -- Shakespearean Literature

In the sixteenth century, poems in blazon format were very popular. Blazon is a technique that â€Å"described the position and relation of one picture to another†. (The Overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†, Woolway). This technique was to illustrate the main features of the subject, usually a female body. Popular blazon would start from the bottom to the top of the body. For example, like hair, eyes, lips, breasts, and so on. Occasionally, it would start from the bottom to top, starting with feet, legs and so on. Woolway points, â€Å"This form was well suited to the style of courtly love poetry that was flourishing at the time, as it allowed writers to project an idea of an idealized and distant woman whose features they could admire from afar† (The Overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†). From the beginning, readers could easily define the subject Shakespeare portrays. The Mistress was detailed in humorous tone, which negates the typical blazon. The striking first four lines of the poem contradict the common blazon. Traditionally, blazon is to compliment and praise the subject’s features, and not to insult, which in this case, the Mistress. However, Shakespeare does not ignore the format and goes forth describing her from head to toe. Shakespeare started the first four lines picturing the Mistress’ eyes, lips, breast and hair. Symbolically, eyes, lips breast and hair are essential clichà © features of a female beauty. Nevertheless, from his intense sketch of her features, he portrayed that she does not carry any representation of beauty. From the simile in line one; Shakespeare negates the comparison of the Mistress to the sun: â€Å"My Mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;† (Woolway). Line two to three mentions the shades like red cor al, and â€Å"dun†. Coral is a fami... ...simile and metaphor brought enriching imagery to the readers. The poem was written with insults and mockery, but with the unexpected flattery showed the author’s love for the Mistress and his poetic practices of love through volta. Works Cited Napierkowski, Marie Rose. â€Å"Overview: ‘Sonnet 130.’† Poetry for Students 1 (1998): n. pag. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet 130.† Literature: A Portable Anthology. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 467. Print. â€Å"Volta.† Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1995. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. . Woolway, Joanne. â€Å"An overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†.† Poetry for Students: n. pag. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012.

“How Far Is Play Key in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead?”

In the play â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead†, the writer Tom Stoppard reveals to the reader the importance of â€Å"play† in his play and how it helps develop the plot and the characters of his literary work. Stoppard uses witty language, and satirical humour to help highlight the importance of numerous types play to the reader. Stoppard uses play as a main theme throughout his play as commentary on how play has many different interpretations, thus he uses his play as an impetus to explore this theme and allow the reader and the audience to gain a better understanding. Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† One of the most prominent forms of play that is evident in the exposition of the play is how Stoppard plays around with the expectations of the audience as well as having both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern both tease the audience as part of their act. Stoppard begins the play with both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern already in action as if we as the audience have come â€Å"late to the action† by beginning the play with what seems to the audience as a non-sequiturs conversation â€Å"†¦Heads†¦ There is an art to the building up of suspense. Through this we as the reader are able to see how Stoppard is deliberately beginning his play in an unorthodox manner which would surprise the audience who would be hoping to follow the plot of the play from the beginning. By doing this, Stoppard is able to create an effect on both the reader as we are able to infer the audience’s expectation which have probably been diminished but nevertheless intrigued. As a reader we are a lso curious to know how long Stoppard will uphold this dramatic tension and leave both the reader and audience uneasy. Once we as the reader become aware of the fact that Stoppard’s play in not a conventional play that meets our expectations or the audience, we become subject to Stoppard’s world of plays awaiting anything that may come our way. In the exposition of the play, we see how the play begins with Rosencrantz flipping a coin continuously as Guildenstern tries to figure out how the coin only seems to flipping â€Å"heads†, â€Å"†¦. Heads†¦ The law of probability, it has been oddly asserted, is something to do with the proposition that if six monkeys†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here Stoppard is able to highlight the important motif of coins and to a certain extent gambling through Rosencrantz playing with the coin. One could infer that through this coin play; Stoppard is simply trying to assert the attention of the audience by having them wait in suspense for something to happen. On the other hand, Stoppard also uses Rosencrantz game to highlight the fact that even from the very beginning of the play; his characters have no direction or purpose as to what they are meant to be doing on stage. This leaves us as the reader and the audience included feeling bemused by Stoppard’s play and wondering whether there are any conventional elements to Stoppard’s play. Furthermore, Stoppard is able to continue to build on the theme of play, by exposing the reader and the audience; through his manipulation of language and word play, to other characters in the play and how they help develop the plot of the play. During Act One, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern meet a band of Tragedians whose leader is the mysterious and crafty Player. Once the two parties begin to engage in conversation it becomes obvious that the play begins to make sexual references and similarities to the world of acting and prostitution. Naturally, both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are intrigued by his offer and try to delve deeper into what the Player is offering â€Å"You’re not – ah – exclusively players, then? †, â€Å"We’re inclusively players, sir. † Through Stoppard’s use of double entendres in the language, we are able to see how he plays at the sexual innuendos of the Player through the implications of the meaning â€Å"inclusively† to show how the word intimates intimacy and an element of risque endeavors. By doing this Stoppard is able make a satirical comment about the similarities in the nature of acting and prostitution and how they both perform for money, though they differ on the nature of their performances. Through this we as the audience are able to see how Stoppard is able to add humour to the play through his word play and sexual innuendos, allowing the reader and the audience to enjoy the play despite the fact it may appear to be quite absurd. Lending weight to the above notion, Stoppard is able to show the importance of play through the character of the Player, who is able to toil around with both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and helps them come to the realization that they are actors and that they have a purpose. The player is able to do this by playing around with the minds of both the protagonists, firstly through his sexual innuendos as explored above and through the fact that he helps Rosencrantz and Guildenstern realise that they are actors on stage and that they are performers to an audience. Stoppard is able to use the Player as a foil to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who begin to question the Player asking him â€Å"†¦aren’t you going to change into your costume? †, â€Å"I never change out of it, sir† and â€Å"aren’t you going to – come on? †, â€Å"I am on. † Here we see the irony Stoppard is trying to convey as both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern did not walk onto stage appear to put on a costume in order to come on and act. Here Stoppard explores the theme of â€Å"seeming and being† as he shows how throughout the play the two protagonists interchangeably play around with their characters of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in â€Å"Hamlet† and in Stoppard’s play. This leaves us the reader to question whether Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are acting or whether they are being themselves, leaving us intrigued as we ponder this peculiar phenomenon. Another character who helps elucidate on Stoppard’s theme of playing is the character of Hamlet who appears to be mad plays mind games with his two friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Nobody in the play of â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead† and in â€Å"Hamlet† knows why Hamlet is acting crazy and thus, they try to find reason for his madness. What they are not aware of is the fact that Hamlet has chosen to act mad and â€Å"play† the fool in order to prove the guilt of the new king and to find out if his mother was in on the plot to murder his father. Thus in Stoppard’s play it is obvious that Hamlet is simply playing around as he tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that he is â€Å"but mad north north-west; when the wind is southerly [he] knows a hawk from a handsaw†. Through Hamlet’s complex metaphor it is clear to see that he is actually lucid and is able to know that he is being tricked and deceived by his childhood friends with orders from Claudius. Here we are able to see how because of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s lack of wit and inablilty to comprehend Hamlet’s message they are inevitably the ones played by Hamlet and thus their ignorance leads them to their death. We as the reader and are left to see how Stoppard is able to use the character of Hamlet to show how disguise and deception both coincide with the theme of play as well as seeming and being. Lastly, Stoppard also conveys the importance of playing, through his use allusion to other texts by various writers to help show past and present literature works influence almost all writers. Stoppard’s play is based on the plot of â€Å"Hamlet†, but it greatly echoes Beckett’s play â€Å"Waiting for Godot†. In Beckett’s play the main protagonists of the play also lack direction and purpose and are waiting for the appearance of Godot who never comes. Thus similar to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, they too engage in games to pass the time â€Å"†¦well, what to do now? †, â€Å"Don’t, let’s do anything. It’s safer. By adopting the same ideals from Beckett’s play about the nature of the play and the characters, it is possible to see how Stoppard is commenting on the importance of literary influences on writers and their works. Overall, Stoppard is able to convey the importance of the theme play in his play throu gh his use of careful and witty choice of language and through the satire of his characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Stoppard is able to allow the reader and the audiences to experience the importance of the theme play through his exploration of the different interpretations of the word in numerous unconventional forms.

Three Gorges Dam: Its Background and Relevance

This report examines the Three Gorge dam project and its impacts on the environment, the people it will effect and measures that can be taken as an alternative to the dam. I will discuss the Chinese government's reasoning for constructing the dam and the negative aspects of such a construction. Then I will explain the more environmentally friendly and logical alternatives. The concept of the Three Gorge dam is over 75 years old, dating back to when it was first proposed by the nationalist leader Sun Yat-Sen, in 1919. The dam was a dream of communist leader Mao Zedong, who felt it would be a potent symbol of China's self-sufficiency and ability to develop without western aid. The state media has reported only the rosy side of the Three Gorges project, presenting it as a powerful symbol of a new, prosperous China. Outgoing Premier Li Peng said the Three Gorges Dam would †demonstrate to the world that the Chinese people have the ability to build the biggest and most beneficial irrigation and hydro-electric project in the world†. The Three Gorges refers to a 120-mile stretch of limestone cliffs along the upper reaches of the Yangzi River where the water drops precipitously through the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges. The region is linked to folklore and important historical events, and its beauty has inspired Chinese painters and classical poets such as Li Bai for centuries. The dam, which will be 1. 3 miles long and 610 feet high, is expected to be completed by 2009. It will create a 385 mile-long reservoir stretching back up the river that will totally engulf the Three Gorges, as well as 115,000 acres of rich farmland, thirteen cities, hundreds of villages, and countless historic temples and archaeological sites. Between 1. 4 and 1. 9 million people will need to be resettled. The proponents of the dam claim that the introduction of such a large amount of clean hydroelectric power into China's rapidly expanding economy will mean a significant reduction in the emission of fossil fuel pollution. First, it will generate 18000 megawatts of electricity, which would reduce the country's reliance on coal by one tenth. Hence reducing China's overall greenhouse gases. Second, it will prevent the periodical flooding of the Yangzi, which has already claimed the lives of half a million this century alone. The dam is expected to cut incidents of serious flood from once in 10 years to once in 100 years. At present 15 million lives are at stake as the river rises higher above the surrounding land because of sediment deposits on the riverbed, while dikes can no longer be raised safely. Third, it will make the upper part of the Yangzi more navigable, â€Å"raising the river's navigable tonnage by a big margin†. Improved navigability would allow ocean-going freighters to penetrate the depths of China's remote Southwest, bringing much needed economic development and prosperity to the region. The project is also expected to develop reservoir fisheries, stimulate tourism in and around the reservoir, improve water quality downstream, protect the lake areas downstream, and enable south-to-north water transfer sometime in the next century. 4. 0 Dilemmas surrounding dam construction There are many problems entangled with the construction of such a dam, two of which stand out. First, the fact that so many civilians have to be moved against their will. 13 cities, 140 towns, more than 1600 villages, and 300 factories will be submerged, and nearly 1. 5 million people relocated. Second, the effects that the rise in level of river will have on the environment. This includes the destruction of habitats for at least four indigenous species in the area. According to official figures, 10. 2 million people have been relocated for the construction of dams in the past in China. In each case, there have been economic or political problems that has often led to intimidation and sometimes violence to force the people to resettle. This is due to people's reluctance to leave their homes, which can be attributed to poor planning on the government's part. The number of people to be resettled in the Three Gorges dam project has been estimated to range between 700,000 to 1. 98 million. Such variation in figures is due to the fact that it depends on whether the information was gathered by the dam's supporters or critics. There has been a large amount of local opposition to the dam. Their opposition is mainly based on the poor record of China's Ministry of Water Resources, which includes the collapse of 62 dams in the past due to poor design. However, since the Chinese government never acknowledged such disasters in the past, it could not be brought up in hearings on the Three Gorge project. People in the effected area who have in the past organised against the dam were arrested and sentenced to prison for â€Å"counter-revolution† and the police presence in the area has since been increased. The local officials are not quite helping ease the situation. The distribution of compensation money by local authorities (US$1300 per person) offered to people displaced by the dam has been tainted by corruption. 105 local party officials involved in the project have been arrested already. Almost half of the project's resettlers are farmers. But since there is an inadequate amount of farmland left to be shared, the officials have planned for moving the resettlers into industrial jobs. This is quite an impossible task considering that the farmers have been farming in their area for generations and have absolutely no expertise in industrial work. It is a great concern that the construction of the dam will result in the destruction of the natural habitats of many of China's indigenous wildlife species. This includes the Chinese alligator, the white crane, the river dolphin and the prehistoric Chinese sturgeon, a fish unique to Yangzi waters. Experts warn that, by forever changing the hydrology of the river for thousands of miles, the dam will destroy commercial fish stocks and deprive the complex floodplain agricultural systems of the water and silt they need. Hence threatening the livelihoods of 75 million people who live on fishing or farming along the Yangzi's bank. Even if the 75 million people find another source to live on, there is yet another problem to be solved; toxic pollution. The factories along the Yangzi river are so polluting that over 200 paper mills and tanneries have already been closed down around the Three Gorges dam site to boost environmental protection. The contamination of the river by the toxic chemicals may increase due to the 1600 factories in the area that are not cleaned up and moved before the waters begin to rise. China is the world's second leading producer of greenhouse gases. If China's current growth rates continue, it will need to develop an additional 17,000 megawatts of energy per year for the next decade. And if coal is used to generate this energy, the environmental impacts could be disastrous. Whether or not the dam is constructed, hydropower will only account for no more than 20% of China's electricity generated by year 2010. This shows that coal will be used even more widely than it is now, to meet energy needs. Hence the dam will not have much impact on helping meet energy needs. China needs to find a cleaner, more efficient way of creating power. The Three Gorge reservoir is currently designed to hold 20 billion cubic meters at the flood level. But this capacity is only equivalent to 4% of the total run off water in the region. â€Å"It is obvious from common sense that this capacity could not hold back flood waters enough to reduce significantly the flood risk at the lower reaches. † Another problem is the fact that the Yangzi carries a large amount of silt. This silt can be carried all the way to the dam and a big ‘mud pond' could result. There is no such technology available to divert or collect the silt at the dam. From an ecological point of view, the dam will be clogged by the large silt deposits, in the Yangzi, and will also trap much of the pollutants that normally would be washed out to the ocean. Along the Yangzi, about 80 percent of the cities do not have sewage systems, and it is cheaper to dump the waste in the river instead of a sewage treatment plant. Burial grounds in both Wushan and Fengjie counties, Sichuan are known to have been dynamited to make way for scientific excavations in advance of the dam project. One thousand tombs dating between the Han and Ming periods (206 BC to AD 1644) were also blasted away. The problem lies with lack of funding. The initial budget (US$250 million) for excavation and preservation was reduced to US$37. 5 million. Only a small amount of this sum has been distributed to local authorities because government officials have been unable to decide which agency should administer the funds. The Three Gorges dam will be the most expensive single construction project in history. The Chinese leaders are so determined to build the dam, that they haven't considered whether it is economically viable. In 1992 the official cost of the dam was set to US$11 billion. Estimates now exceed US$75 billion. This could slow down China's recent economic boom. The dam project is heavily funded by foreign export agencies. If people in foreign countries were to stop foreign investors and government organisations which support the project, the Chinese officials would have no choice but to reconsider their plans. But since it is not in the foreign investors' best interest monetarily, they have kept supporting the Chinese government. Hydrological experts have argued that effective flood management includes dyking, flood proofing, flood warning systems, diversion areas, and development restrictions in floodplain and designated diversion areas and that dams are not always the answer. The Chinese officials' mentality is that the â€Å"biggest structure† is the best structure, but what they must realize is that it does not mean the best structure. That Chinese hydropower could be produced on a number of tributaries that flow into the Yangzi. This procedure has been proven by scientific examples that prove that separate dams will produce more power and last longer then one main dam. Sedimentation of separate dams would be less and these dams would be able to preserve China's cultural history. The greater amount of smaller dams would cause less soil erosion and more power for a much lower cost. It would be able to compete with China's booming industrial sectors and preserve the aquatic life. The construction of these smaller dams could also mean that it would lesson the amount of people to be resettled, and would save the Chinese government billions of dollars. However, the smaller dams would not allow large transportation of cargo down the river. Based on a recent study by United States and Chinese energy research institutes, which compared conventional sources with advanced generating technologies, cleaner alternatives, such as smaller gas turbines or cogeneration plants were found to be more economical for power generation than big hydro dams. Combined cycle gas turbines could provide power with lower capital costs and greater reliability than the Three Gorges dam and with far fewer emissions than conventional coal plants. Combined cycle plants are commonly fuelled with natural gas, which burns more thoroughly than solid or liquid fuels. And unlike coal, it contains no heavy metals or sulfur emissions that cause acid rain. Combined cycle plants can be installed and generating power reliably within nine months to two or three years for larger units. Three Gorges dam is scheduled to take 17 years. In addition energy specialists argue, that switching from coal to gas, and using new technology of combined cycle gas turbines or cogeneration, would create greater environmental benefits than the Three Gorges dam by a 60% reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Whereas the Three Gorges dam would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by only 5%.

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Chapter- 1 (introduction) TRANSCOM TRANSCOM TRANSCOM 1. 1: Company overview: Overview: On the basis of an exclusive Franchise for Bangladesh from Pepsico USA, TBL acquired threemodern bottling plants at Dhaka,  Chittagong and Bogra from BBIL, Dhaka; EBIL,  Chittagongand NBIL, Bogra; in March 2000. TBL manufactures the famous Pepsi range of beverages-Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda Orange, Mirinda Lemon,  Slice and Soda. As a corporate citizen Pepsicobelieves it has a responsibility to contribute to the quality of life in our communities. TBL hasput into action this philosophy through  support of social agencies, projects and programs and thescope of this support is extensive and  it has not been difficult to blend with this philosophy sincethe TRANSCOM group also followed such a  corporate ideology. 1. 2 Objective of the study: Broad objective: Marketing Mix(4 p ¶s) Analysis and Competitors Evaluation? Specific objectives: To find the business portfolio of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To know the marketing strategy of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To find the pricing Transcom Food Beverage products. To find the Transcom Food Beverage ltd. ommunication system. To find the product of   Transcom Food Beverage in   last year To find the  last year product performance of   Transcom Food   Beverage ltd. 1. 3 Limitations of the study: In every research many work there is some limitations that the researcher faces while preparingdifferent activities. In the process of the research work,  we also f aced certain limitations thathampered the actual findings and analysis of our research work. Some of these notablelimitations can be identified are: The topic is mainly focused on product marketing strategy of Transcom Food Beverage Ltd. Transcom is a group of company. But here we emphasizing on   TranscomFood Beverage Ltd. So it seems to us as a  limitation of the study. They are very busy with their regular task. So, it becomes quite difficult for them to givetime to the outsiders. And also there are  some rules and regulations so that we cannotenter to the head office. So, that we have to talk with their company officers,staffs,employes . That was a big  limitation for us. We got only 2-3 weeks to prepare this report. This could be a limitation of this study. We had  faced electricity problem which consumed our  lot of time. It was a big limitation for us. Chapter -2 Research Methodology 2. 1: Sampling Plan: Sampling Procedure: The sampling procedure has been conducted on thedeliberate sampling method has used where  the respondents and the interviewees. Sampling Unit: In order to carry out the  research work, the study was focused ontaking the interviews of the personnel involved in the Transcom Food beverage ltd. 1. Number of respondents: 20 2. Age range: 20-40 3. Occupation: Student, housewife, service  holder 4. Economic status: Higher, middle class, lower  class. 5. Geographic location: Dhaka and outside dhaka. 2. 2 Data  Collection Techniques: Questionnaire: Unstructured and open-ended questionnaires (please see appendix) were asked to the  differentpeople of different areas of Bangladesh to find whether they are satisfied with Products of  Transcom Food Beverage ltd or not. Observations: When we visited the Gulshan office of   Transcom Beverage that time we used our ownobservations to collect certain pieces of  information about their product marketing strategy, newproduct performance as well as coming product of   Transcom food   Beverage ltd. Secondary Information: Secondary information has collected  by reviewing websites and some articles printed time totime and other relevant documents. . 3: Sources of Data Collection: Primary: The primary information is gathered through  informal interviews of the   employees working over  there under   Transcom Food Beverage. Secondary: Secondary sources had also  used to collect information. Secondary sources  include: Different articles, index of Transcom Food    Beverage ltd. Visiting website of Transcom Company. Physical visiting to Transcom Beverage factory. Other sources Chapter -3 Finding and analysis (part-1) 3. 1 Business Portfolio of Transcom Beverage: Beverage Items: 1. Pepsi 2. Diet Pepsi 3. Pepsi Blue 4. Pepsi Light 5. 7Up 6. Up ice 7. Mountain Dew 8. Slice 9. Mirinda 10. Mirinda Orange Food Items: Pizza Hut K FC 3. 2: The marketing strategies: Transcom Beverage is one of the leadind soft drinks proveder. Their solutions strategy leveragesone of our greatest assets a portfolio of outstanding quality. differentiate these solutionsofferings based on our in-depth consumer understanding, with a strong focus on social location. 3. 2. (1): Packaging and Branding: Packaging: Packaging involves designing and producing the container or wrapper for aproduct . Packaging plays a  part in delivering beverages to  customers safely. In all of   the production facilities, they minimize packaging waste from the supplies they receive,and they strive to reuse, recycle, or recover as much as possible of their waste. however, Blow-molding is a manufacturing process used  in the plastics and polymers industries to create hollowbut strong containers for their clients. Polyethylene Terephthalate (P. E. T. ) bottles aremanufactured using the blow-molding process. Currently, we are  constructing a blow-moldingproduction line at the Raleigh production facility. By implementing the blow-molding process,we will eliminate the ordering, shipping lizing of pre-madeP. E. T. bottles. Branding: 7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored non-caffeinated soft drink  . The rights tothe brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or itslicensees) in the rest of the world, including Puerto  Rico, where the concentrate  is manufacturedat the Pepsi facility in Cidra. The7 Uplogo includes a red spot between the 7 and Up; this redspot has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. KFC is under the Yum! Brand name. Yum! also owns Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, LongJohn Silvers and AW, with more than 35,000 restaurants around the world. Product positioning: A product can be positioned  in the minds of the customer by 1. Maintaining proper attributes 2. Offering desired benefits 3. Using strong beliefs and values. 4. Continues communication Pepsi has always been brand that  embodies the most prevalent youth sentiment. Over the  years as youth has evolved, so  have Pepsi’s positioning and language. It  has, however, consistentlystood for what the youth stands for  ± right from  µYeh Dil Maange More ¶ to  µYeh HaiYoungistaan Meri Jaan ¶. Brand positioning of 7. up: The  brand ¶s proposition of ? Ekdum Asli Indian? Absolutely RealIndian) was brought alive on outdoors in some very interesting ways. KFC : A regional credit union that had an image that was outdated and did not reflect their  positioning . Their unique selling position was one  to one relatiomship with their customer whowere mostly working class individual. They also handeled all of their marketing and advertising 3. 2. ( 2): Pricing of Transcom food and beverage Products: Transcom food item price( pizza hut kfc  ) Product  name   Mrp KFC(  special  Burger)  180. 00  +  vat KFC(regular)  120. 00  +  vat KFC(Bucket)  850  +  vat KFC(French  fry)  95  +  vat KFC(  Soft  Drinks)  20. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(6  inc  pizza)  280. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(12  inc  pizza)  520. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(18  inc  pizza)  950. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(burger)  150. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(shorma)  95. 00  +  vat Transcom beverage item price(soft drinks) Product  Name   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MRP Pepsi  (250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk Pepsi  (500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Pepsi  (1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk 7Up(250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk 7Up(500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk 7Up(1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk MountainDew(250ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk MountainDew(500ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Mountain  Dew(1liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk Slice  (250ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15. 00tk Mirinda (250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk Mirinda(500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Mirinda(  1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk 3. 2. (3): Transcom food and beverage communication process Television: The TV commercial generally considered the most important media. For this  Ã‚  reason,when   Transcom Beverage launch  a new product they first make a meaningful advertise,because TVadvertisment catch the eyes of customer very rapidly. People are encouraged bythe new tv advertisment. Internet:  Nokia also use the internet and World Wide Web for their worldwide communicationprocess. Their ads include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages. Event Sponsor:   Every year Transcom Beverage   sponsor various types of program. By doing this they getpublicity indirectly. For Example sometimes pepsi arrange football and  Criket match. They also arrange   Ã‚  Cultural function, concert etc. Press Advertising:  Press advertising describes advertising in a print medium such as  newspaper, magazineand journal. Transcom food and beverage print their ads by press  medium. Billboard:  Ã‚  This is one of the popular medium in communication process. Its cost is less than tvcommercials. If anyone miss the TVads or press advertising hopefully they will   not  missthe billboard ads. We can easily see a Transcom food and beverage(Pepsi,Pizzahut,KFC)billboard at prominent area in Bangladesh. Transcom food and beverage use 3 types of  billboard such as, Fixed, Moving and Neon Sign. Chapter-5 Conclusion Transcom food and beverage is well known franchise group in Bangladesh. Day by day it isincreasing its market segmentations. Transcom Foods Ltd Executive Director Akku Chowdhuryreceived the CEOs Award for  KFC and Running Great  Restaurants Pizza Hut award from Yum! Indian Subcontinent in Delhi at the franchisee awards show recently. This however was not the first award that Transcom Foods Ltd has been honoured  with. Therestaurants in Dhaka have been awarded twice before for being the best in the region. This recent accomplishment certainly asserts the standard of these international franchisees inBangladesh and their continued commitment to the customers. These early industrial ventureshave moved over  to businesses involved in high-tech manufacturing, international trading anddistribution, forming strong ties with a host of blue chip  multinational companies. In recent yearsTranscom has emerged as an increasingly significant media house in Bangladesh. If transcomfollow our suggestions which we think is appropriate for them so they can improve  more fromtheir current  position.

5 Most Common Maple Varieties in North America

5 Most Common Maple Varieties in North America Acer  sp. is the  genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as the maples. Maples are classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, and  there are approximately 125 species worldwide. The word Acer is derived from a Latin word meaning sharp, and the name refers to the characteristic points on the leaf lobes. The maple tree is the national arboreal emblem of Canada.   There are actually twelve native maples found in North America, but only five are commonly seen across most of the continent. The other seven that occur regionally are black maple, mountain maple, striped maple, bigleaf maple, chalk maple, canyon maple, Rocky Mountain  maple, vine maple, and Florida maple. Your chances of seeing a native maple are good in both the urban landscape and in the forest. With few exceptions (Norway and Japanese maples are exotics) you will find these native maples and their cultivars in profusion. Common North American Maple Species Sugar maple  or Acer saccharum.  The star of eastern North American fall foliage viewing and principle source of maple syrup. It normally grows 80 to 110 feet in height, but 150-foot specimens have been known. Compared to other maples, sugar maples color unevenly in the fall; sometimes yellows, oranges, and reds are all seen at the same time.  Red maple  or Acer rubrum. The most widespread maple in eastern North America and ubiquitous  in both the urban and forest landscape. It normally grows to a mature height of about 50 feet. It is a very popular landscape tree but is considered invasive in some forests, where it crowds out native oaks. The upper side of the leaves is green, with the lower side silverish in color. In older trees, the bark is very dark. Fall color is usually a deep red, though some trees may exhibit orange or yellow.  Silver maple  or Acer  saccharinum.  A fast-growing maple used largely as a shade tree, but with problems. This maple is brittle an d subject to breakage. The roots shallow and can cause property damage. At maturity, it may be 80 feet tall. The underside of the leaves is a soft silver in color; fall color is usually a pale yellow.   Boxelder  or Acer negundo  - The most common maple sp. in mid-western North America, and the only maple with pinnately compound leaves. Boxelder has the largest range of all North American maples. It is a fast-growing but short-lived maple, and in favorable conditions, it may grow as much as 80 feet in height. Leaves turn yellow in the fall.  Bigleaf  or Acer macrophyllum.  Restricted to the Pacific Coast, this tree is the most massive of North American maples. It can grow to be 150 feet tall or more, but more typically tops out at 50 to 65 feet in height. In fall, the leaves turn golden yellow.   General Identification Tips The deciduous leaves on all maples are arranged on stems  opposite  each other. The leaves are simple and palmate shaped on most species, with three or five main veins radiating from the leafstalk. The leafstalks are long and often as long a the leaf itself. The boxelder alone has compound leaves, with multiple leaves radiating from the leafstalk.   Maples have small flowers that are not very showy and form in droopy clusters. The fruit is winged key seeds (called  double  samaras) and develops early in the spring. Very visible are the redbuds and new red stems on red maple. Maples have bark that is generally gray but variable in form. Good identifiers of maples in dormancy are: Crescent-shaped leaf scars with three bundle scarsA terminal bud that is egg-shaped and slightly larger than the lateral buds on the branchStipule scars are absent  Opposite leaf and twigs

Behaviour 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Behaviour 2 - Essay Example It was noted that majority of the fuel starved households belong to the lower income group of the society which also signifies the high charged electricity services of UK. In comparison to UK, Qatar is a country providing free electricity to their citizens and is also having sufficient electricity to maintain their national and corporate requirements. On the contrary, UK has maintained the belief that charging electricity and other energy sources will help in realising the value of fuel and also develop optimum usage of the resources (Middlemiss and Gillard, 2015). However, the slow decrease in the rate of fuel poverty does not justify the policy of the UK Energy Sector. It was noted in the Annual Fuel Poverty Statistics Report 2014 that the cumulative gap of fuel poverty is expected to increase to  £1.1 billion in the year 2014 from  £1 billion in 2012 (Department of energy and climate change, 2014a). The average electricity bill being paid by a small flat or house (2000kWH consumption of electricity) in UK is  £67 per month and the yearly bill is  £802 and the average electricity bill for a medium house (3200kWH consumption of electricity) is  £ 1163 (Department of energy and climate change, 2014b). According to the LIHC measure, it has been highlighted that almost foreign students have to pay around 5 to 12% of their total income for electricity income which is quite costly in comparison to the free electricity service provided in Qatar. The cost of living for the immigrant students has increased because of high end electricity charges imposed by Governed and other service providers in order to restrict the use of energy (Lawson, Williams and Wooliscroft, 2015). This section of the assignment highlights the results that are obtained after analysis of SPSS data. The data is obtained from the responses of the questionnaires. The main aim of the survey is to measure the effect of financial cost of energy on the

The World is Flat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

The World is Flat - Essay Example For skilled students however, it meant greater opportunity because he or she can apply for jobs beyond his or her geographical location. In addition to being really good with my area of expertise, I should also learn other skills such as computer skills because technology is the way of the future. Almost all jobs virtually involve technology and I must equip myself with this skill to make myself employable. I must also learn how to work with other people of different cultures because the work setting in the future will be characterised by diversity where people of different nationality will have to work together. Online base jobs are one of the world flattener. They are one of the world’s flattener because it makes people mobile in terms of seeking employment without even leaving their homes. They are as productive as those who go to office except that they are working in the comfort of their homes. Business organization are already adapting to these kind of work structure which they call telecommuting recognizing the advantages it offer both to the company and the

Law of Contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law of Contract - Case Study Example The requirement for the program is usually postpones or suspended for a limited period of time, and may require notice in order to rely on the contractual clause."1 Whether the bad weather can classified as force majeure making the delay acceptable is dependent upon the force majeure clause in the building contract that the parties entered into. Said clause should contain: According to the case of Paradine v Jane3, it is necessary to adhere to the strict and literal application of contractual terms. In that case the defendant refused to pay rent since he was no longer in possession of the land. The defendant was made to pay rent since the court ruled that there was no express or implied terms within their contract to grant a reprieve in such circumstances. In the event that the agreement between the parties does not clearly state or cover the issues at hand, the basic agreement contained in UK law regarding Force Majeure is found in the Standard Building Contract or SBC Item 13. The SBC states that a contractor is entitled to an extension of time in cases of "other relevant events such as exceptionally adverse weather conditions, specified perils, civil commotion or terrorism, strike and the execution by the UK government of any statutory power which directly affects the execution of the works after the base date."4 The performance of the obligation is deemed suspended until the passing of the force majeure and thus it will create the effect of extending the time allotted to finish obligation as discussed in the case of Tenneco Canada Inc. V British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority.5 Accordingly if the workers strike, a circumstance considered by the court as a force majeure, caused the direct cessation of the Tenneco's electric supply then Tenneco would be granted a reprieve from payment of the monthly demand charge on top of the electricity bill. But since the stoppage of work caused by the strike did not prevent Tenneco from using the electricity hence he must pay the consequent monthly demand charge. The obligation to pay was not deemed suspended. In the case of Snograss the inclement weather condition caused work stoppages and delays, hence the period to complete the obligation must be suspended pending the passage of the force majeure. This being the rule of law, Snodgrass contention is valid. The reason of force majeure causing the delay is valid. The additional time of 10 days it took Snodgrass to finish the first fifty bungalows is valid and reasonable. Hence the breach of contract is excused and the Newchestham Borough Council cannot terminate the same nor is it entitled to

Charlotte Haze

Charlotte Haze Literature is not solely a method of entertainment. It is also used to expand a readers mind by allowing them to enter a different world. To do so, a reader will often have to suspend their disbelief. It is very rare that one must question what he/she is reading. Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita is the confession of an erudite European intellectual with an obsessive desire for nymphets-girls between the ages of nine and fourteen who are, as he judges them, sexually aware. In Humbert Humberts confession, he admits to the years of molestation of a young girl referred to as Lolita (Dolores Haze). This confession is written by him while awaiting trial for a seemingly unrelated murder. At the end of the novel, Humbert states that the murder he committed was an act of love and he rationalizes not only his violence but his pedophilia. Although the confession seems free-flowing and a spur of the moment decision on the part of the narrator, how does Nabokov indicate that Humbert Humbert is an unrelia ble narrator through the use of literary devices and linguistic patterns in Lolita? Despite Humbert Humberts horrid crimes, his language and wordplay make for a more pleasant reading experience than one would expect. Through the use of characterization, diction, and comparison and contrast, Nabokov suggests that Humbert is unreliable and knowingly writes a tale that paints himself as a victim of circumstances. Characterization: As Humbert Humbert is the narrator of the novel, he characterizes the individuals in the story. No second opinions are presented; therefore the reader is given a one-dimensional interpretation of each character. There are clues in the novel that suggest Humberts descriptions are biased in his favour, including the rapid changes in the characters personalities and the tone in which they are described. Humberts descriptions of Charlotte Haze, in particular, change significantly as the story progresses. Charlotte, Lolitas mother and Humberts eventual wife in the novel, is a middle-class American housewife who aspires to be sophisticated and cultured. Her relationship with her daughter is strained as she focuses all her attention on accommodating her lodger Humbert Humbert, who finds her intolerable and simply wants access to Lolita (Dolores Haze). During the beginning of the novel and the beginning of their relationship, Humbert refers to Charlotte simply as the Haze woman. His disgust and aggravation is apparent even at the mention of her presence. When first describing Charlotte to the reader, Humbert states: I think I had better describe her right away, to get it over with. She was, obviously, one of those woman whose polished words may reflect a book clubbut never her soul; women who are completely devoid of humour (Nabokov 37). His dislike for Charlotte is made clear from the m oment she is introduced to the reader; however Humbert continues to point out her vulgarity and lack of sophistication. One night, while secretly fondling Lolita on the front porch, Humbert writes: [Lo] fidgeted a good deal so that finally her mother told her sharply to quit it and sent [her] doll flying into the dark (Nabokov 46). Charlottes behaviour seems over-the-top and disdainful. However, it is interesting that whenever Humbert has any inappropriate contact with Lolita, he follows quickly by writing of Charlottes contempt towards her daughter. After his contact with Lolita on the front porch, he quite sarcastically writes the following excerpt: [Lolita] had been spiteful, if you please, at the age of one, when she used to throw her toys out of her crib, so that her poor mother should keep picking them up, the villainous infant. Now, at twelve, she was a regular pest, said Haze. Her grades were poor. Of course, moodiness is a common concomitant of growing up, but Lolita exagerrate[d]. Sullen and evasive. Rude and defiant (Nabokov 46). Although expressing Charlottes frustration with her daughter, the speech is not a direct quote from Charlotte indicating that Humbert is paraphrasing what she has told him. This harsh-toned speech seems to be a convenient ploy on the part of the narrator to distract from the fact that he took advantage of a young girls trust for his own physical gratification. In fact, throughout the novel, Humberts abuse of Lolita is followed by negative dialogues from the other characters. Nabokov seems to suggest that Humberts confession is well thought-out and biased in his favour. It seems the narrator wants to justify his actions. After Lolita tags along to a shopping trip with him and Charlotte, Humbert quotes her mother as saying: It is intolerable that a child should be so ill-manneredwhen she knows she is unwanted (Nabokov 51). While they are driving, Humbert takes advantage of Lolitas proximity to hold, stroke, and squeeze [her] little paw all the way to the store (Nabokov 51). Humbert use s Charlottes contempt towards Lolita to justify his affection towards her. Although this physical contact is outwardly innocent, Humberts intentions are clearly pedophilic. It is by characterizing Charlotte as unmotherly and unkind that Humbert tries to gain the readers sympathy. He portrays himself as a father figure providing a mistreated girl with love. Before her death in the novel, Charlotte is portrayed as a brutal, unloving mother. However, after she is accidently killed, Humbert is free to parent Lolita. After he collects Lolita from the summer camp she was forced to attend, one notices the change in the tone he uses to address Charlotte. Lolita, since returning from camp, has remained troublesome and moody. After Humbert has consummated his relationship with the young girl, they engage on a long road trip including many pit stops and shopping trips. The teenage girl is not particularly enjoying their voyage and is understandably vulgar and upset. Humbert is quoted many times as saying: Charlotte, I begin to understand you! (Nabokov 149). Humbert narrates and characterizes other individuals in a way that will arouse sympathy for himself. Previously, when Humbert would engage in inappropriate contact with Lolita, he would deliberately point out her mothers unaffectionate nature to justify his touching her child. Now that Charlot te, the obstacle, has been overcome and Humbert regularly molests and abuses her daughter, he points out Lolitas insufferable qualities. He now understands Charlotte and points out that she was not as negative a person as she seemed. Humbert does this in order to paint himself as a tired father putting up with his difficult daughters every whim. Humberts descriptions of Lolita also change, removing the characters likeability as the story progresses. At the beginning of the novel, Lolita is described as closely resembling Annabel, Humberts childhood love. Humbert explains that he is instantly captivated by her beauty: When I passed her in my adult disguise, the vacuum of my soul managed to suck in every detail of her bright beauty (Nabokov 39). Although Lolita is a mediocre American child, vulgar and even less polished than her mother, Humbert seems to view the girl through rose-coloured glasses. To him, she is not vulgar, but charming, not aggressive, but misunderstood by her wretched mother. Although Humbert does not appreciate Lolitas idolization of American pop culture, nothing much else is said with regards to her intellect. Interesting to note is Lolitas minimal dialogue in this part of the novel. She does not say much, except for her frequent arguments with Charlotte. In these arguments, Lolita is not portrayed as a de licate child, but rather a strong-willed, aggressive girl. I think you stink and this is a free country are some of the arguments made to her mother during their verbal fights (Nabokov 46). During one particular fight, Humbert writes: Later, I heard a great banging of doors and other sounds coming from quaking caverns where the two rivals were having a ripping row (Nabokov 48). Writing this, Humbert indicates that Lolita is able to hold her own against her mother. She is not the type to be trampled over or forced to do anything. By including dialogues and descriptions such as these, Humbert suggests that Lolita is a strong child who gets what she wants. In addition to describing her bad-temper, the physical contact between Humbert and Lolita is always said to be instigated by the girl. Humbert narrates: Presently an old gray tennis ball bounced over [Charlotte], and Los voice came from the house haughtily: Pardonnez, Mother. I was not aiming at you. Of course not, my hot downy darling (Nabokov 55). What to an average person would seem like a playful act derived from boredom, Humbert tries to illustrate as an act of seduction. Humbert portrays Lolita as a willing participant in his games, as shown in the following excerpt: Humbert Humbert intercepted [her] apple. In a sham effort to retrieve it, [Lo] was all over me. Every movement she made, every shuffle and ripple, helped me to conceal and to improve the secret system of tactile correspondence between beast and beauty-between my gagged, bursting beast and the beauty of her dimpled body in its innocent cotton frock (Nabokov 58-59). Although Humbert sits there almost inert during thi s encounter, and although Lolita comes to him, he instigates the situation by innocently taking her fruit from her. After her stay at a summer camp, Lolitas sexuality has changed drastically as the reader learns she has had her first sexual encounter. In this part of the novel, through direct quotes, Lolita is characterized differently. She is very teasing of Humbert: I did not [miss you]. Fact Ive been revoltingly unfaithful to you, but it does not matter one bit, because youve stopped caring for me anywayyou havent kissed me yet, have you? (Nabokov 112). Humbert then narrates: Lolita positively flowed into my arms (Nabokov 113). This is the first serious encounter the two characters have: a kiss Humbert narrates as having been Lolitas idea. Although Humbert describes the confidence with which Lolita engages in this behaviour, he also reveals that it was but an innocent game on her part, an imitation of fake romance. Having already lost her virginity to a young man at camp, Lolita initiates sexual intercourse with Humbert during their stay at a hotel. However, more than a romantic partner, Nabokov illustrates Lolita as a young girl in search of affection of any kind. Charlotte, not fitting the maternal archetype whatsoever, was jealous of the relationship between Humbert and Lolita. Having not yet learned that her mother is dead, and believing Humbert and Charlotte are still married, Lolitas contact and conversation with Humbert resembles a bitter act of rebellion against her mother who forced her to attend camp (an experience she describes as dirty and naughty despite her cool demeanor). Having sex with Humbert seems like more of a game to Lolita as she does not understand the severity of her actions. However, it is a way of betraying her mother, just as Charlotte betrayed her by sending her to camp. When Humbert reveals in a most insensitive way that Charlotte is dead, Lolita is truly heartbrok en. Humbert writes: At the hotel, we had separate rooms, but in the middle of the night she came sobbing into mine, and we made it up very gently (Nabokov 142). The quotation suggests that the two engaged in sexual relations once again, and although Humbert does not specify why Lolita was crying, it was most certainly due to the death of her mother and not the mild argument she had with him. The statement illustrates a young girl with no one to turn to except for the adult who victimizes her. Having lost her mother, her only remaining parent, Lolita turns to Humbert-her technical father. He uses her need for affection to gain control of the situation for his own physical gratification. Despite frequent dialogues and descriptions in which Lolita is shown to be unhappy and vulnerable, Humbert adds his own biased interpretations of Lolitas behaviour. She is characterized as a manipulative, able girl. If she is not bought certain things, if she is not allowed to go to certain places, Lolita withholds sex from Humbert. This is an unfavourable depiction of the young girl as her body is the only power she possesses. She has no money, and without Humbert, she cannot survive. In order to put herself in a position of power and achieve some sort of reward for her suffering, Lolita uses her sexuality-something Humbert describes as cruel, manipulative promiscuity. Killing Clare Quilty, the man with whom Lolita runs away, Humbert describes as an act of love for having forced Lolita into poverty. His possessiveness in this part of the novel indicates that he is defending his honour rather than hers. Humbert writes his confession in order to convince the reader that though he is g uilty, he was controlled by a force greater than himself. Through his dynamic characterization of the other characters, Humbert inadvertently reveals he is only interested in telling the story from a viewpoint that will allow the reader to sympathize with him. Diction: In addition to character development in Lolita, diction is also suggestive of Humberts unreliable narration. Throughout the novel, the reader is entranced by Humberts fancy prose style. It is the language used that makes the grotesque themes in the novel bearable. However, many recurring words and linguistic patterns used by Humbert betray the persona he wants to create. Although Humbert wants his confession to seem unbiased and unplanned, the first paragraphs of the novel indicate that his confession is directed to a particular audience-[the] ladies and gentlemen of the jury (Nabokov 9). He, himself, titles his work Lolita, as it is essentially the story of the young girl. However, the foreword written by the fictional Dr. John Ray titles it The Confession of a White Widowed Male. It is interesting that it is always during the most grotesque scenes in the novel that Humbert directly acknowledges the presence of the reader. When pondering whether or not to kill Charlotte, Humbert directly engages the reader(s): And, folks, I just couldnt! In silence I turned shorewardand still I could not make myself drown the poor, slippery, big-bodied creature (Nabokov 87). At times during the confession, Humberts writing becomes almost self-reflective-it seems he gets lost in his past experiences. Nonetheless, in the moments where his morals come into question and where his behaviour becomes criminal, he speaks directly to the reader. Humbert almost acts as his own lawyer, and in an eloquent persuasive tone, tries to sway the reader in his favour. Humbert also uses wordplay to foreshadow Clare Quiltys involvement and significance to the story. In the beginning of the novel, Humbert reads a review. Clare Quiltys name appears, alongside others, and plays are listed including The Little Nymph and Fatherly Love. Humbert says that Lolita could have appeared in a play called The Murdered Playwright, alluding to playwright Clare Quiltys murder. Quiltys presence is always felt in Lolita even before his character is introduced. This leads the reader to believe that Humberts narrative is not free-flowing, but rather serves a direct purpose: to gain sympathy from the reader for the murder he committed. In addition to the change in audience, the connotation and tone of the words used change depending on the situation. Besides Humberts descriptions of nymphets, every other character and experience in his confession is described with cynicism and irritation. Nymphets are introduced as fantastical beings: Nine and fourteen [are] the boundaries-the mirrory beaches and rosy rocks-of an enchanted island haunted by those nymphetsand surrounded by a vast, misty sea (Nabokov 16). This description seems out-of-character for Humbert, who otherwise presents himself to be (within reason) rational. Humbert also states that not all girls in this age range are nymphets. It is the slightly feline outline of a cheekbone, the slenderness of a downy limb [which identify] the little deadly demon offantastic power (Nabokov 17). Humbert chooses to coin the term nymphet instead of using the accepted term of underage girl. By stating that he is not attracted to all young girls, Humbert tries to separate him self from regular pedophiles. The magical tone that surrounds these descriptions makes it seem as though Humbert is not in self-control and submits to the powers of these mystical demons who drive him to abnormality. It is interesting to note that Humbert is very scientific and technical in other parts of the book using jargon such as pederosis and pseudolibidoes. The two different methods of speaking represent Humberts ability to change according to circumstance. While trying to explain his helplessness in the presence of Lolita (and other nymphets), Humbert betrays himself through his word choice. Although eloquent, his possessiveness jumps off the page. Whenever speaking of Lolita, seemingly arbitrary descriptions include possessive pronouns. This is demonstrated numerous times in the novel: How smugly would I marvel that she was mine, mine, mine (Nabokov 161). Constantly referring to the girl as my child, my Lo, my pet, Nabokov italicizes the pronouns to place emphasis on Humberts possessiveness. Furthermore, it is interesting to look at the sentence structure. Whenever events take place involving other people, Humbert makes sure to unite Lolita and himself: Last night, we sat on the piazza, the Haze woman, Lolita and I. Even when writing, Humbert must remain close to Lolita, using punctuation to separate Charlotte from the two of them. Humbert tries to label Lolita as the seducer and instigator of their physical relationship: She played with and kept sticking to my lap (Nabokov 45). Descriptions of such scenes are never explicit, but when movements are described, they are always those of Lolita. Humbert leads the reader to believe he is just a pawn in Lolitas game. In another section of the story, he writes that [Lolita] struck Humbert, quite painfully (Nabokov 65). This is yet another example of Humbert purposefully showcasing Lolitas strength and willpower. Surprisingly, he refers to himself in the third person-something he does often when he bribes/seduces Lolita. It is unavoidable for Humbert to implicate himself in the novel, but when he narrates the more disturbing things he does, he never personalizes it, using Humbert instead of I or me. By doing so, Humbert defeats the purpose of a confession, not really acknowledging it was him who did anything wrong. Although Lolita is shown to sometimes be an hasty child, the words used to describe her when shes around Humbert always paint her as bold and aggressive. She is said to make Humbert nervous. When Lolita reproaches him for his lack of kissing skill, Humbert tells her to show [him] wight ray (Nabokov 120). It seems out-of-character for the eloquent Humbert to be so inarticulate. However, through the use of diction and punctuation, Nabokov suggests that Humbert does not directly quote characters in the novel. In one part of the novel, Humbert writes: Look, we need to go, said Lolitaor something along that line (Nabokov 76). Even though Lolita is clearly quoted, Humbert cannot be sure. This allows the reader to create distrust in Humbert, as he clearly changes dialogue. Many of the letters and conversations Humbert includes in the confession, he admits are paraphrased. Therefore, it is quite difficult to completely trust Humberts story as some of his bias has inevitably seeped through. Also interesting are the nicknames given by Humbert to other characters. Charlotte is also known as the Haze woman, cold big Haze and Lady Hum. Humbert reveals his own mercurial nature by changing the connotation of the nicknames depending on his mood. The fact that his opinions of other characters change so rapidly and so often indicate that Humbert is using them to better his image in the eyes of the reader. There are instances where Humbert seems disgusted with himself, describing his attraction to nymphets as a monstrous love(Nabokov 83). Immediately after he reproaches himself, Humbert goes on to support pedophilia: We are not sex fiends! We are unhappy, mild, dog-eyed gentlemen sufficiently well-integrated to control our urge in the presence of adults, but ready to give yearsof life for one chance to touch a nymphet. Emphatically, no killers are we (Nabokov 88). Humbert never apologizes for his behaviour, admitting it is only society that makes him feel deviant. Contrast Comparison: Nabokov uses contrast and comparison in Lolita to indicate Humbert Humberts biased narration. Humbert often defends his pedophilia-reprimanding societys hypocrisy. He compares his relationship with Lolita to many historical couples: American president Abraham Lincoln and his younger wife, Italian scholar Petrarch and 12 year-old Laureen, and poet Dante Alighieri and his 9 year-old companion. Humbert mentions these relationships as if to validate his relationship with Lolita. These men, whose women were often their muse, served great purpose to society. Humbert questions the confines the law puts on his people (pedophiles), as these men of great status improved the world while sharing his love of nymphets. It is important to note Humbert does not dwell on the age of these men or the time period they lived in (hundreds of years ago). In addition to this, Humbert makes a direct comparison between Annabel, his childhood love, and Lolita. Dolores Haze takes on multiple names: Lo, Lola, Dolly, Hot Little Haze, and Lolita. Humbert states that: in [his] arms, she was always Lolita (Nabokov 9). Later on in the novel, one discovers that Lolita is derived from combining Annabels name with the name Dolores. Annabel Lee and Dolores produce Lo-lee-ta. Although Humbert ridicules psychiatrists, he drops many clues (including this wordplay) that suggest that Annabels early death is the reason for his attraction to underage girls. A love taken from him during a fragile age leading to sickness-this image, he hopes, will arouse the readers sympathy. In the novel, Humberts love scenes with Annabel are somewhat explicit; they use many metaphors and symbols: I was ready to offer her everything, my heart, my throat, my entrails, I gave her to hold in her awkward fist the scepter of my passion (Nabokov 15). As he and Annabel are of the same age, Humbert can be more direct with the reader in these scenes. Conversely, Lolitas sexual scenes with Humbert are quick and do not describe any physical interaction. One assumes that Humbert does this to avoid arousing disgust in the reader. This indicates that Humbert formulates his story in a way that keeps the reader on his side. Throughout Lolita, comparisons are made between older women and girls Humbert deems to be nymphets. Older women, no matter their role in Humberts life, are always unattractive, cruel and unintelligent. Valeria, Humberts first wife, is described as fat, dumb and completely inept. Charlotte Haze is also fat, disgusting and irritating. Young girls are always painted as desirable. The most beautiful language is used to convince the reader of the power of these nymphets. They are seductive, physically-tone, and delicate (Nabokov 17). Humbert tries to illustrate older women as revolting, so the reader will be able to empathize with his lifestyle. Younger boys, however, are never described in the same light as young girls. They are dirty, repulsive, and dangerous. Any boy Lolita speaks to, any waiter who comes into contact with her is described negatively. Humbert portrays himself as Lolitas protector, unwilling to let her be tarnished by these lowly creatures. This is how he sees Clare Quilty. He is the man who kidnaps his daughter and then abandons her. Before Humbert discovers that Quilty is the man Lolita runs away with, Humbert sets out on a mission to trace the fugitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to destroy [his] brother (Nabokov 247). In the final scenes where Humbert and Quilty are fighting, Humbert narrates: I rolled over him. We rolled over me. They rolled over him. We rolled over us (Nabokov 299). This is the only time in the novel when Humbert (indirectly) acknowledges his mistakes. Referring to Quilty as his brother, Humbert illustrates that they are one in the same. They both helped in destroying a young girl. This is the only moment of remorse shown in the novel, as Humbert quickly reverts back to condemning Quilty. Conclusion: Although readers often expect the narrator of a novel to be completely truthful, it is important to question the reliability of the narrator. In Lolita, Nabokov indicates that narrator Humbert Humbert has his own personal agenda and tells the story in a very biased way through the use of characterization, diction, and comparison and contrast. Why then is this novel so compelling to read? Why does the reader insist on being lectured by the corrupt Humbert and feeding into his lies? Although the narrator is biased in his assertions, Nabokov makes sure to include several clues to help the reader discover Humberts deception. Lolita is not simply escape literature, as it requires the reader to actively think about the story being told. By placing trust in the reader and stimulating their intelligence, Nabokov has created one of the literary masterpieces of all time.