Evaluation of the Food Control Systems in Saudi Arabia Free Essays

Introduction According to the World Trade Organisation, Saudi Arabia is a developing country and is part of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Due to increased tourism, religious trips, foreign workers, recent food scares, and a high reliance on imported food, the need has arisen for the establishment of a common market and common approach to food control throughout the region. Food Control Management The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (2006) defines food control management as â€Å"the continuous process of planning, organising, monitoring, coordinating, and communicating, in an integrated way, a broad range of risk-based decisions and actions to ensure the safety and quality of domestically produced, imported and exported food for national consumers and export markets as appropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of the Food Control Systems in Saudi Arabia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Food control management covers the various policy and operational responsibilities of competent government authorities responsible for food control.† The main food control management board within Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA). According to the SFDA, their purpose is to regulate, administer, and control all imported and local foods. The SFDA is managed by a Board of Directors that includes ministers from Health, Interior, Rural Affairs, and Agriculture, just to name a few. The Authority is also responsible for all food safety licensing procedures and grants. The SFDA has proposed a two-phased approach to food control management within Saudi Arabia, of which the first phase is set to take place over a five-year period (SFDA, 2011). Whilst the SFDA seems to have a clear plan on how to address food control management within Saudi Arabia, is seems the actual establishment and fulfilment of food control management policies and procedures lies with the Saudi Arabia Standards Organisation (SASO) and can span across many committees, agencies, and administrators, at both federal and local levels (FAO, 2005). This often results in duplication and overlapping of duties, lack of coordination, and information stagnation across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food Legislation As Saudi Arabia is a member of both the World Trade Organisation and Codex Alimentarius, it has the responsibility of abiding by Codex standards. Whilst some implementation of these standards has taken place within Saudi Arabia, there still exists a disparity of food control procedures within the region. This can largely be attributed to the reasons mentioned above: lack of coordination and information, etc. In recent years Saudi Arabia has worked hard to ratify new food safety laws that cover all foods. There has also been much effort to integrate and coordinate between different agencies both nationally and internationally. For instance, because Saudi Arabia imports a large amount of food products from the United States, in recent years the two countries have worked closely together to establish strict import guidelines and procedures. These guidelines and procedures cover anything from dairy products, eggs, fruits and vegetables, processed foods, to forest products and plants (GAIN, 2009). Recently, SASO has also helped to establish food-labelling requirements for all food and food products sold in Saudi Arabia. Typically food and food products require the following before they can be sold in the Kingdom: certificate of origin, bill of lading, or steamship certificate, insurance certificate and packing list, food manufacturer’s ingredients certificate, consumer protection certificate, and a price list, just to name a few. There are also certain additional requirements for items such as meat, seeds, grains, fruits and vegetables, and livestock (Saudi Network, 2011). Food Inspection and Audit Food inspection and audit is defined as â€Å"the examination of domestically produced or imported food to ensure that it is handled, stored, manufactured, processed, transported, prepared, served and sold in accordance with the requirements of national laws and regulations, thus protecting the health and well-being of consumers† (FAO, 2006). Within Saudi Arabia, food inspection consists mainly of laboratory examination and actual physical investigation of the end product, which is carried out by various authorities. Although the Department of Environmental Foods and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) standards of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) have been introduced within Saudi Arabia, the implementation of such standards is slow. Hygiene requisites are conducted on a random basis through visual inspection of domestic products. More often than not, food inspection officials can be pacified with the presentation of health certificates and facility licenses (Al-Kandari and Jukes, 2009). As mentioned above, Saudi Arabia and the entire GCC region is highly reliant on imported foods. This reliance has brought about the need for increased control and inspection of such foods; however, there has been little increase in the workforce available for such inspections. This results in a large amount of imports going uninspected. Within Saudi Arabia there is also a lack of concise standards around food sampling procedures. This means that food inspection officials are unclear on when to take samples, how many samples to take, and exactly what types of foods need to be sampled. Each of these issues has led to inadequate food inspection and audit systems within Saudi Arabia. Official Food Control Laboratories Official food control laboratories have the responsibility of identifying food contaminants and their sources, whether human or food. These laboratories also provide support for law enforcement, food safety and quality policies and standards (FAO, 2006). Whilst food control laboratories in Saudi Arabia are well equipped and supplied, there exist three main issues concerning such laboratories: inadequately trained analysts, inadequate quality assurance systems, and an overall lack of international laboratory accreditation bodies (Schillhorn van Veen, 2005). The country has done much to address the issue of laboratory analyst training. It has embarked upon a rigorous training program for analysts focusing on imported foods. This will help to improve the knowledge and skills of analysts working in laboratories within Saudi Arabia. Whilst inadequate quality assurance systems and lack of accreditation continues to be a problem in Saudi Arabia, the county is trying to learn from its UAE neighbours. The UAE has already received ISO accreditation for three of its food control laboratories and continues to implement quality assurance systems across the whole of the country. Saudi Arabia is looking to follow the UAE’s lead in this area and is seeking ISO accreditation of its own. In an effort to improve its laboratory food control systems and standards, Saudi Arabia, along with five other countries located in the Middle East and Northern Africa, formed an alliance with the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) with the intention of improving food and drug laboratory standards and testing systems (Ammari, 2010). Through this alliance the SFDA has agreed to work closely with the USP in improving its food control laboratories. This agreement means that laboratories located in Saudi Arabia will send test results and details to the USP in order to receive feedback and recommendations for improvement. Food Safety and Quality Information As the general economic landscape of Saudi Arabia is changing, so is its food culture. An increase in gross income per capita means that more Saudis are eating out. This has led to an increase in the consumption of processed foods, which in turn leads to an increase in illness due to contaminated foods. As mentioned above, over 30% of food workers in the GCC region are of foreign decent (Al-Kandari and Jukes, 2009). Many of these workers neither read nor speak Arabic or English. This has caused a major problem regarding food handling and preparation. Therefore, there exists a great need for information, education, and communication regarding food safety and quality. To this end, the SFDA has created a website to help educate and provide information to Saudis concerning food safety and quality. The website provides up-to-date, reliable information that is easily accessible to all of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia Food Control Diagram Conclusion Saudi Arabia is a quickly developing nation, however, with this development has also come problems. The food control systems within the Kingdom can be described as substandard and inadequate. Whilst many improvements have been made, Saudi Arabia still has a long way to go in this particular area. The Kingdom’s recent efforts to implement and improve food safety and quality standards, unify all involved parties, and form alliances with other more successful countries is commendable. These efforts need to continue and increase within the Kingdom in order for it to receive accreditation for its food control systems and to ensure the safety of its citizens. References: (2005) National Food Safety Systems in the Near East – A Situational Analysis [online] Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/meetings/NE_wp3_en.pdf [Accessed 04 February 2011] (2009) Department of Environmental Foods and Rural Affairs [online] Available at: www.defra.gov.uk [Accessed 03 February 2011] (2009) GAIN Report [online] Available at: www.chilealimentos.com/medios/Servicios/Normas_internacionales/Norma_otros_paises/Normativa_Arabia_SAudita/Food_and_Agricultural_Import_Regulations_and_Standards_Certification_Arabia_saudita_USDA.pdf [Accessed 04 February 2011] (2011) Food and Agricultural Organisation [online] Available at: www.fao.org [Accessed 03 February 2011] (2011) Saudi Arabia Standards Organization [online] Available at: www.saso.org.sa [Accessed 04 February 2011] (2011) Saudi Food and Drug Authority [online] Available at: www.sfda.gov.sa/En/Home/ [Accessed 03 February 2011] (2011) The Saudi Network [online] Available at: www.The-Saudi.Net [Accessed 04 February 2011] Al-Kandari, D., and Jukes, D.J. (2009) â€Å"A situation analysis of the food control systems in Arab Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.† Food Control 20,12 1112-1118. Ammari, S. (2010) â€Å"Government drug control laboratories in Middle East and North Africa join USP to launch quality improvement network.’ AME Info, October 2010. Schillhorn van Veen, T. (2005) â€Å"International trade and food safety in developing countries.† Food Control 16,6 491-496. How to cite Evaluation of the Food Control Systems in Saudi Arabia, Essay examples

British Airways Change Management Programme @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the British Airways Change Management Programme? Answer: Introduction This report will discuss the research detail program about the British Airways (BA) change program, the factors which has been influenced the strategic changes in BA, the detail about these strategies, the challenges which have been faced by BA management team while managing these strategic. (British Airways, 2010) The BAs (British Airways) related with airlines work based on United Kingdom (UK), BA is the largest airline of UK in fleet size and providing its facility through international flights and international destination. To run any business the organization needs some strategy so that it can easily execute its operation. But in executing all the strategies in a proper way the organizations management team requires to focus all the factors which can be create difficulties. This report will discuss the changes which have been faced by management team of BA. (Tosti Jackson, 2006) Internal and external contextual factors influencing the strategic changes at BA As per the current market situation the organization has many opportunities and challenges for the success of its business. The environmental changes, the increase GDP growth of developing countries etc provide a significant impact on the organization. The airlines industries need to adopt many strategy to sustain them self in the current dynamic world. In 2008 due to the economic crisis or recession, the BA needs to think about its strategy. There are some internal and external factors which are influencing the strategic changes at BA. (British Airways, 2011) Internal Factors There are some internal factors which influenced the strategy changes at BA. They are as follows: Increase in living of cost: the cost of living was suddenly change because of crisis done in 2008, the employee need more money to sustain their life. The crisis impacted on the airline industry changes as well. The BA organization also request to its employee to work without basic pay for one month as the crises impacted more to the industry. Also it request to employee to for one year without pay leave. These factors impacted the current running strategy. (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004) Miss management: as the BA was working in a very good situation before the crisis the management come to frame. These show the miss management of the company so that it was not ready for the future crises at that time. Strike by the crew cabin: the strike by the crew cabin is the most internal factor due to which the change management needs to acquire. All these internal factors influenced the strategy changes on the BA. (British Airways, 2006) External Factors Rise in the oil price: as the crises done in 2008 the price of oil increase suddenly, which impact the operating unit of the industry. The profit suddenly down from up to bottom. The rising in oil price influenced the changes in current going strategy. Lower demand of international flights: the demand for international flight down. The passengers were not investing their saving for international tour and all. Due this reason the BA need to change their strategy as per the situation. Fall in growth: in 2008 when crisis done the growth chart of BA down from up to bottom and the profit margin capacity of the BA suddenly decrease. Due to low profit it was not able to provide the compensation to the employs. All these internal and external factors influenced the changes in strategy. (Crawford, 2013) Details and evaluation of the strategic changes implemented at BA As the strategic changes require sustaining any organization growth, in 2008 after the crisis the BA need to change its strategic and implemented the same. The CEO of the British Airways Mr. Willie Walsh, asked employs and works to do work without salary for four weeks also provide an another option to take leave for one year without pay, also the CEO himself did not take monthly salary as well. The management took the decision to cut 1700 cabin crew jobs and freeze pay. The cabin crew members reacted on this matter and decision and announce a 12 day strike. But as the High court the strike was not go ahead. At this time the BA won the legal challenges, after all this matter the talks between the BA and Unite collapse and the BA CEO Mr. Willie Walsh confirm that if any worker of BA will join the strike will loss the travel perks, for further strikes the Unite announces to plan for a 20 days action. In revert of this announcement the BA also announce that it will take legal action to prevent this strike. After all this argument the conciliation service Acas asked to both the parties to talk in a manner which includes the peace. After all the conversations and argument the Units announce that the strike will take back. Due to these entire scenario the BA post an annual loss of euro 531 million. (Salama, et.al, 2014) BA incurred loss at the time of crisis, the low profit margin, high pricing of the oil and other material, fight between the organization and the workers all these factors impacted a lot to the industry. There were a agreement between the BA and the Unite trade, which includes to return the travel perks for all the crew member who were a part of the strike. The BA engineers agreed to work more efficient manner and also accepted the reduction on the salary. To cut more operating cost the work timing of cabin crew workers extended. When a dispute occurred between any organization and its member then it also affect the brand image and the goodwill of the industry. (Bhardwaj, 2003) The change management strategy adopted to execute the strategic changes Due to this entire dispute and the crisis the BA lost its profit ration as well, so the CEO of the BA realised that in crisis situation for reducing the cost from top to bottom they should changes the strategy and implemented the same. For this there should be a vision so that the organization can lead. So that through the vision a clear picture can be created. Change management strategy is very necessary to adopt when an industry go through these types of situation, where the requirement of changes are require. There is no guarantee of situation so management need to change their strategy according to the situation but for that they have to create a vision because vision is a base for the strategy changes. (Flyertalk.com, 2014) A successful leader leads through the vision, for the success the monitoring and evaluating is necessary. By doing so the management can understand and see that how effectively the changes are occurred. The leader needs to work according to the situation. As the BA occurred the huge loss due to crisis and the crew cabin members also were doing strike then its very important for the management view to rework on the current strategy of the organization and use the change management strategy to implement its strategy changes. The management should understand the importance of the change management strategy and also understand the impact of the change management strategy. Through this way organization will search the area for which the management need to work to improve the area. (Mullins, 2009) Challenges and difficulties experienced by the BA management team in managing these changes When the changes done in any organization the challenges occurred like the individuals who dont want to adopt these strategy. In BA the CEO while working on the change management strategy faced that some individual understand the criticality of the situation but some are not responding the same. (Poole, 2011) The challenges faced by the BA were mainly rising by the cabin crew members of the organization, as they were against the long working hours, against the retrenchment. The cabin crew also did the strike on the issue, but the CEO of BA need to make sure that new strategies must apply and implemented so that organization can improve their performance. When the CEO of BA was busy on changes in strategy at the same time the cabin crew members was busy to take a reaction through strike. They were announce to do a strike for 12 days and also to do their strike as the Christmas period and through this resulted will be the more loss to the BA. Against this strike the BA went to the court and takes an injunction to stop the strike. The leader should communicate the change strategy process to the employee so that they can create a better understanding, but BA CEO used the authoritarian system of the BA organization leadership and did not any chance to the worker to express their feelings. The BA had many challenges which were related to staffing issue, strategise issue, cost reduction issue. The major challenge in front of BA was to stop the strike, because staffs are very critical part of the organization, so they have to treat the staff in a very motivating manner. (Wilkinson Grugulis, 2002) For implementing the change strategy the management needs to communicate the right matter to the employs so that management can changes its strategy in a manner which will help to the organization for its success. (The national learning consortium, 2013) Introduction This academic report will discuss the evaluating of the implementation and resistance of the change management approach in British Airways and from the perspectives of: BA management team, BA cabin crew or the British public/Government. This report will also discuss the issues which are related to the strategies changes and change management strategy of the BA with theoretical explanation and practical events of the BA. The British Airways is one of the largest Airlines which are situated in United Kingdom (UK). The fundamental or primary work of the BA is to provide service as international flight system. In 2009-2010 the scenario suddenly changed in the BA prospectus, its staff and the stakeholders point of view, in 2008 due to the crisis all the industry lost their profit margin and the utilization. This report will also discuss the scenario which has been created due to crisis and also the impact of it in the BA. (Hoovers, 2006) Core issues relating to the strategic changes The issue which are related to the strategic changes are mainly organizational function, development, effectiveness, and employs. In current scenario it is very important to improve all the above to sustain in the current dynamic environment of competition. The BA is one of the largest airlines in the UK. In 2008 due to the crisis happened in the world the economic power of each country and mainly the GDP growth of the industry go down from top to bottom. The airlines industry was the major affected industry in the world, because their primary work is to take passengers from one destination to another destination. But in the crisis time the passengers not allowed them self to go anywhere, and they just wanted to save their saving. So BA is also affected due to the crisis. (DeAnne, 2013) The issues which are related to strategic changes are as follow: Strike by crew cabin member: due to the heavy loss the BA announces to their employee to do work for one month for without pay, and to take leave for one year without paid, also the critical decision was to cut 1700 cabin crew member from their jobs. Against this the cabin crew members announce to start strike. So this was the core and major issue for the BA to change their strategy. (Idrc.ca, 2004) Financial loss: due to the crisis the BA suffered a very huge financial loss; the profit margin of the BA was going down. Due to financial loss the BA was not able to sustain with all its employs. The BA needs to change their strategy to sustain its profit. Effectiveness in work: BA needs to do work effectively and provide the customer satisfaction. To work effective the BA require to change its ongoing strategy. Due to the lack of punctuality the reputation of the BA go down. Highly cost: the cost of product which is required to sustain in the market for BA was going to be in peak. The oil price, service providing cost, employs salary, crew cabin members salary all the things are going from bottom to top. So to reduce the cost of all these elements the BA require changing its strategy. (Pmi, 2006) Change management strategy adopted at BA Change management is a word which used by most of the company to change their process. While change management done, the fundamental needs of every one met. The BA changes its strategy, whenever an organization changes its strategy so the management should consult and communicate the same to its employees. BA CEO MR. Mr. Willie Walsh, changed the strategy for work more effectively and with more accuracy and efficiently. The BA need to change its strategy as due the above describe reason. The financial loss sustain by the BA impacted its brand and goodwill. Due to the changes in strategy the following changes occurred: Without pay work: employs were ready to work without pay for one month, as the BA was running from the low financial ability and crisis. So after changing the strategy the staff ready for the without pay work. Work with more efficiently: the staff needs to do work more efficiently; they have to provide their complete work within the provided timeline. So that the BA industry can serve best to their passengers so that by providing the services they can improve their financial profit and the brand will be sustain. (Goodstein Burke, 1991) Long hours shift: the BA staff needs to work for extra hour. They have to work more than their shift without any incentive. The staff needs to work extra hours to produce high work with less time and less cost. Theoretical framework linkages to the practical changes at BA BA is the brand name in the airline industry, the one of the largest airline which provides the fleet services and also the biggest international destination airline. The airline industry is a service providing organization. Its main work to provide the services to its customer by reaching them to their required destination. Time to time the changes occurred in the industry, in 2008 the crisis happened. It impacted huge to the entire world but the main area which were most affected by the crisis was the airlines industry. The airlines industry was the most affected industry from all of the industry. The main reason is that the airline industry always provides the services to their costumer, and from a customer point of view in the crisis time none is going to invest the saving for tour and travel until unless its very important. So the crisis impacted the airlines, and BA was also a part and also the major affected airline by this crisis. The company is not able to pay the salary to its employs. They brand value go down from top to bottom, the customer not allowed them self to use the BA airline. Due to the crisis, the cost of using material and services increased. The cost of fuel increased. This impacted the BA airlines in a very wrong way. The BA organizations strategy failed at this time, none strategy works properly in this time. (Datamonitor, 2005) At this stage the BA require to change their strategy. So with the help of change management the BA changed its strategy. When crisis occurred, the BA revenue go down which can be seen the below: The revenue of BA was Euro 7994 million in 2009-2010, compared with previous year which was Euro 8992 million. The loss which calculated before the deduction of tax was Euro 531 million in 2009-2010, compared with previous year which was Euro 401 million. The operating loss of BA was Euro 231 million in 2009-2010, compared with previous year which was Euro 220 million. The loss per share was 38.5 pence in 2009-2010, compared with previous year which was 32.6 pence. (The guardian.com, 2015) According to the above data the picture is clear that how the crisis impacted the BA financial condition. Due to the crisis the BA management announce that the staffs needs to work without salary for one month, they can take leave for one year but without paid that means the unpaid leave and they cut the 1700 cabin crew staff from the job. Due to this announcement the cabin crew member announce that they will do a strike against this. With the help of Unite trade the cabin crew staffs announces to do strike. But the BA announces that if the staffs join the strike then the staff will have to loss the travel perk. The High court stopped the strike as this way the BA won the legal matter but after 20 days they again announce for strike, so in revert the BA also announce to take another legal action against this strike. The conciliation service Acas asked to both the parties to talk with peace and then after a discussion the strike matter has closed. BA needs to change their strategy bec ause due to all these issues BA has lost its brand name and also face many financial problems. So BA decided to change strategy through change management. (British Airways, 2006) Specific concerns and problems from the perspective of BA management team or BA cabin crew or the British public / Government The changes done in the BA, it impacted not only the BA management but also impacted the BA cabin crew members and the British public/government. The changes are required at that point of time because the BA was in a worst condition, the financial problem, brand name go down, staff problem, service problem and so on. (Seatguru.com, 2015) BA Management (as a particular stakeholder): due to the crisis the BA management was in not a good or wealthy condition, financial losses occurred, the staffs is on strike. The entire situation was not in the favour of BA management. The BA was more concern about their business; their employee needs brand value, brand name, and the financial loss. Due to crisis the BA management was not able to provide the salary to their employee, so as per the discussion on with management the announcement done that the employee need to work without pay, they can take leave for one year but without pay. Due to the heavy loss the BA management need to cut down their staff as well, so the BA management cut its 1700 crew cabin members, due to this action the crew cabin members start strike. Now the more problem begins, as the BA, already suffer from the financial loss and other problem arises from crisis, the crew member also starts their strike. The BA management need to choose a legal way to stop th e strike and keep their brand value. By the order of the High court the strike has been stopped. And later on the conciliation service Acas discuss with both the party with peacefully and closed the matter. (Aslund, 2010) The BA management also need to change their strategy, because the current strategy did not support the situation. So the BA management need to adopt the change management strategy so by this way they can sustain in the industry and also can again make their name as a big brand. The management change their strategy. Due to the new strategy the employs now need to work more effectively with efficiency. They employs are need to do extra shift or the long hour shift to sustain their job and also to keep BA brand value in the peak. The employs are ready to do job for one month without pay. (Americanexpress.com, 2015) So BA management took the right decision to comply with the entire situation and keep their brand value as it was earlier. The change management required to sustain all the above discuss types of problems. (Street, 2014) Options and recommendations for overcoming resistance to change from the perspective of BA management team or, BA cabin crew or the British public / Government As per the above whole discussion the BA management should create the strategy in which it can easily survive, or it can also create the substitute for every situation. The BA management should contain the entire situation which can be occurred anytime. The BA management should try to keep their name on high through using the change management system. Although any industry should make the policy, strategy in a way from starting point of time so that it can sustain in every kind of problem. The cabin crew members should also try to keep up with the BA management; the cabin crew need to provide help to the BA at the time of problem, the government should also try to solve this kind of problem and also try to help organizations through the finance. (BBC, 2013) The government should also provide the every kind of help to the organization so that industry can sustain in that situation and also it can keep itself more powerful. The BA management, its crew member and the government all the factors are interrelated. So they should co relate with each other in every situation. BA industry is now again its peak time. And the brand value is again on peak as well. (Shibata, 2013) Reference: Americanexpress.com. 2015. American express: British Airways American express credit card. slund, A. (2010). The Last Shall be the First: The East European Financial Crisis, 2008-10. Peterson Institute. BBC (2013).BBC NEWS | Business | BA staff reject cost-cutting plan. RetrievedApril7, 2013, Bhardwaj, M., 2003, Change Agent, https://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/Change_Agent-393.htm (27December2006) British Airways, 2006, Leaders For Business: What are we looking for?, https://www.britishairwaysjobs.com/baweb1/?newms=info196 (22 December 2006) British Airways, 2006, Our Recruitment Process: The Assessment Process, https://www.britishairwaysjobs.com/baweb1/?newms=info48 (22 December 2006) British Airways, Corporate responsibility report, 2009-2010 British Airways, Corporate responsibility report, 2010-2011 Buchanan, D., Huczynski, A., 2004, Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text (5th edn), Essex, Pearson Education Limited. Datamonitor, 2005, British Airways Plc: Company Profile, https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=28hid=20sid=e3c8e78c-c7b3-4487-bab4-848f87d32e03%40SRCSM1 (21 December 2006) DeAnne Aguirere, 2013, Cultures role in enabling organizational change Flyertalk.com. 2014. British airways: Executive club. Flyer talk forums. Goodstein., D., L. Burke, W., W., 1991, Creating Successful Organization Change, Organizational Dynamic, 19 (4): 4-17. Hoovers, 2006, British Airways Plc., https://www.hoovers.com/british-airways/--ID__41761--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml (11 December 2006) John Crawfords, 2013, Author of Strategy for Change Management,. The International Development Research Centre, 2004, Selecting and Managing an Evaluation Consultant or Team, https://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/108550007718Guideline.pdf (22 December 2006) Mullins, J., L., 2009, Management and Organisational Behaviour (5th edn), London, Financial Times Management. PMI, Pulse of the Profession, 2014, Enabling organizational changes through strategic initiatives. Papadogiannis, D., 2006, British Airways Information, https://www.aircraft-photos.net/BA.aspx (20 December 2006) Poole, R., 2011, Privatization: Providing Better Services With Lower Taxes, https://www.isil.org/resources/lit/privatization-english.html (18 December 2006) Salama, A. Easterby-Smith, M., 2014, Cultural Change and Managerial Careers, Personnel Review, 23 (3): 21-33. Seatguru.com. 2015. British Airways flight information: Seat guru. Shibata, K., 2013, Privatization of British Airways: Its Management and Politics 1982 1987,EUI working paper. EPU; no. 93/9, Florence, European University Institute. Street, M., 2014, Training People to Deliver Service Excellence in British Airways, Training for Quality, 2 (3): 18-21. The guardian. 2015. British Airways: Guardian news. The national learning consortium, 2013, change management in EHR implementation. Tosti., T., D. Jackson, F., S., 2006, Targeted leadership, https://www.vanguardc.com/articles/targetlead.pdf (17 December 2006) Wilkinson, A. Grugulis, I., 2002, Managing Culture at British Airways: Hype, Hope and Reality, Long Range Planning Journal, 35 (2002): 179-194.

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The Best Way to Compare and Contrast Two Photos

The Best Way to Compare and Contrast Two PhotosWhen writing an essay, the best way to compare and contrast two photos is to describe what is different. You can describe why the photos are worth reading. Then, you should point out similarities between the two images. This will help your reader make a mental connection to the idea that they are about to read.The most obvious ways to compare and contrast two photo images is through contrasting both with black and white. With this, you can learn how to enhance your images by removing or enhancing red eye, color cast and glare. When describing each image, you can do this by asking yourself questions like what are the differences between the two? How are the images different?What are the main ideas of your essay and how are those ideas conveyed through the images you use in your essay? Most people use this method of using pictures to explain their ideas. In order to get better results with this method, you need to use different pictures th at are either similar to each other or slightly different to create a picture in your mind of what the images are going to be.Another way to compare and contrast photos is to discuss the differences between the two photos in terms of how the photo has been edited to highlight differences or soften aspects of one photo and how another is more relaxed and natural looking. This will teach you how to present different photos in an essay. The next question to ask yourself is what types of editing were done to the photos?Contrast is the basic elements of nearly all writing. It is one of the elements of a good essay. There are many good writers who do not know how to write effectively without using contrast. By including contrast in your essay, you will be able to get a better feel for the subject that you are writing about. When selecting an essay topic, make sure you choose one that is based on a specific point of view. Then, when you compare and contrast two photos, you are basically te lling your reader that angle or which camera is best for a particular point of view. There are a lot of photos that will help you to analyze and figure out what you are writing about. This way, you can use other photos as illustrations and the explanations of the photo, or you can also use them to point out similarities or differences.However, make sure that your photos are taken in the same light that was used to take the other photo. Try and view the photos side by side. This way, you can see how the light is getting reflected or changed between the two photos. Also, try and look at both photos side by side as they might be from a different angle. When comparing photos, try and see how they have been edited to emphasize the differences or soften the differences.As you can see, there are many ways to compare and contrast two photos that have been edited in a certain way. This will teach you how to use different images to describe the ideas you are trying to get across in your essay . The next time you find yourself struggling to find a way to explain something, take a look at these tips.

Buying Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes

Buying Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes The recognition that there's a vital relationship between climate change and worldwide business is now widespread in the world small business community. Furthermore, it is necessary to model think aloud strategies. There are a lot of factors that result in a change in the climate. As a result, the changes have turned into a constant agenda in many businesses on earth. The normal pattern of weather experienced in a specific area on a long duration of time is called the climate. First, the growth in temperature results in the melting of polar ice which can lead to an increase in sea level. If the planet's temperatures continue to rise later on, living things on earth would become extinct as a result of high temperatures. The average worldwide temperature was raised by 1 degree in the previous 30 decades. Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes - Is it a Scam? Extreme weather is understood to be severe, usually unexpected hazards which are out of the ordinary. Fish stay close to reefs because they've learned they get fed on a constant daily basis and hence won't hunt for their normal food resource. Climate change, in actuality, has come to be a cause of concern particularly over the past few decades. It is the seasonal changes for a long period of time in the world. It is basically a change in weather that has a global effect that can last for decades, centuries or in some cases even longer. It has led to some serious issues in the water systems across the globe. Who Else Wants to Learn About Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes? THUS, it was just an issue of time. The point is to lay down everything in a format that's simple and very simple to comprehend. There's always a reason behind every occasion. A cause and effect article is a significant approach to present medical data in a manner that simplifies it. Also, keep in mind that you're able to pay for essay, just order original and superior quality papers from MyEssayWriting on a wide array of topics. Using one of your ideas is a significant approach to compose a superior paper. The end of the post should recap the crucial points. The more you want to understand about the subject, the more likely you are to research in depth for additional material to place into your paper. Where to Find Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes Make sure your effect ought to have a resounding effect. It can be related to the extent to which something succeeds, or is operated, or may even be associated with a person's belongings (effects). In reality, things can become very interesting once you get started doing the research and unearthing new and intriguing facts and stats. You should fully learn more about the topic. The topic may be more difficult to produce. As soon as your topic is completed, you need to do some free-writing. An essay on climate change isn't overly challenging to write, provided that you take pleasure in the topic. There are a number of climate change essay topics you can select from, so be certain you decide on an intriguing topic that suits in your subject of expertise. It is something that is heard all the time in today's news along with the term Global Warming. The change that has occurred in the recent past is also called outcome of global warming. Ruthless Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes Strategies Exploited Bear in mind that events in which you did experience should be ideal for such sort of writing. Orbital changes are of 3 different types. Again, a graphical description of certain events is necessary. You then offer a graphic description of the particular conditions or conditions. The Basic Facts of Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes Therefore, their influence on the climate process is similarly short-lived. Climate changes will infl uence human's behaviour like consumption, energy use and population development. Secondly, they will also affect the biodiversity. International climate change is brought on by the fertiliser that used for agricultures. But What About Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Weather Changes? The process of growing control of PTSD symptoms are sometimes a long and at times tough endeavor. It is very important to maintain a check on such activities as a way to control climatic alterations and make sure environmental harmony. Besides, lots of human activities also have caused the changes in the climatic conditions, particularly over the last few decades. When there are certainly lots of health-related causes of insomnia, you could also discuss how pressures at school, on the job or in your social life might allow you to shed sleep.

Topics in TEOFL Topic Essay Examples

Topics in TEOFL Topic Essay ExamplesTEOFL is a topic essay sample that provides you with an outline of TEOFL in writing. It helps students write sentences and paragraphs that are unique. They can be rewritten, modified or even published as a class text. The materials included in this topic article examples are read and applied to essays that students write.Topics include sports, relationships, career topics, critical thinking, essay writing and more. Students will use these topics for practice, making sure their topic is original and organized. For example, if you wanted to prepare for a career choice test. You might do this by using the TEOFL sample. By having a solid foundation for your topics you will be ready to take on the rest of the essays you are required to write.Topics in TEOFL include; health, finances, sports, skills, careers, career choices, and career interests. Students can also prepare for test preparation by using the sample. Once students get used to writing using t hese topics, they will be able to move on to more challenging topics. When it comes to test-taking, writing with the help of a solid introduction will help students look forward to writing their assignments. A solid introduction will make them feel comfortable when they start on their papers.TEOFL has a website that provides the topic essay samples and is easy to access. There is a forum for students to ask questions and receive answers from others who have taken the course. This is a great place to ask questions that might have a bearing on your topic.The toefl.com website offers all the material needed to get started. The introduction and last chapter of the book cover topics such as topics of a novel, movies, history, etc. One of the most popular topics is Sports which covers topics like Sports through sport management, financial issues, Business issues, like businesses, sports and others.One of the ways to write an essay is to start with a topic about Sports. Having a topic in t he book like this can help students build their foundation for learning how to write an essay. These topics are great for beginning students.Life management is another one of the popular topics. It is important to know where you stand as a person. With topics such as this, students can identify and apply lessons learned and develop their personalities. This can help students develop skills for life. Students can explore why they feel the way they do and learn the strengths and weaknesses.TEOFL topic essay samples give students resources to help them with their essays. They can use it as a resource for their written assignments. All of the topics are related to the course. Students can also read other's essays to get ideas for their own writing.

A Sunday Essay Research Paper The leaving free essay sample

A Sunday Essay, Research Paper The departure was easier than she thought. All those darks rehearsing it in her caput. Merely wanted to look at the gardens, so reasonably in the spring. Merely wanted to see the gardens. Except in the terminal cipher asked. She merely put on the good blue frock, combed her hair and walked down the corridors, taking attention over those polished tiles, and pushed out through the heavy dual doors. Outside. Out through the garden. Trying non to run but desiring to. Outside. Out through the Gatess and here she is walking along the pathway looking at the Narcissus pseudonarcissuss. Just like anybody else. She breathes in the air. Sniff it. Sucks it up and turn over it about in her oral cavity. So different out here. Different even than in the garden. Siting on those seats. Sometimes she takes off her places. Rolls down her rights so that she can experience good rough land under her pess. We will write a custom essay sample on A Sunday Essay Research Paper The leaving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She digs her toes in, and rubs her colloidal suspensions into the Earth. They say, look at that Jessy acquiring herself all dirty, Jessy you naughty miss you # 8217 ; ll acquire a iciness. Time to travel indoors, misss. ? Funny that. Being called miss. Naughty blue misss wetting themselves and squeezing. Quiet good misss slumped in the seats in the garden with their oral cavities unfastened. Waiting for it. Drinking in decease. Her voice shingles when she asks for two subdivisions. She wants it far excessively much. Practised that excessively in her caput over and over in the darks. Listening to them in the corridors. If Mary *censored*s herself once more tonight she can kip in it. Listening to the calls and the naming, I have to acquire place. I have to, the kids want their dinner. She sits in the coach off from the window. Afraid to expression out. Cars and people on the pathway. Peoples watching. For her. Tom says it # 8217 ; s a nice topographic point, Mum. Warm and clean and friendly and plentifulness to make. Demur that everything to make at that place ends up with death and there are better topographic points to make that and better people to make it with. She grips the sides of the place with her custodies and they are hot and perspiration. Jack said I don # 8217 ; t want to go forth you, Jess. Jess? And she took his caput in her custodies and cradled him against her organic structure. Rocked and rocked him, stamp and gentle for the last clip and whispered to him and held him strong and tight while he needed it and so allow her rupture wash down over her face and down over his. She kissed his oral cavity and it was still warm and it tasted of salt. She manages the stairss and the station office is at that place down the route. She has her book ready in her bag but how much? ; she has to believe, excessively, about the backdown faux pas. All thats done for her now. Tom said it # 8217 ; d be easier. Tom doesn # 8217 ; Ts know sometimes easier is harder. In the terminal she stands still and quiet and breathes in deeply. Brands herself think to compose the name and the Numberss. She has to halt and keep her manus to halt the shaking and hang-up in some heat. Her custodies are ever a surprise. She can neer believe they belong to her. Greyish with the brown spots and the thin delicate fingers ; skin randomly stretched on bone. Jack loved her custodies, traced over lissome smooth flesh with his fingers. In the stop its lone castanetss that are left. In the terminal your castanetss get cold and they ache. The immature adult male behind the counter has Jack # 8217 ; s blue eyes that she smiles into and he takes her book and slides it back to her with money. He says hold a nice twenty-four hours and she echoes it back at him, a nice twenty-four hours, have a nice twenty-four hours. Her bosom is buffeting. Out in the streets she panics a small. All these people and speaking and music and the autos easy intruding. There is a red-capped male child swooping in and out of the crowd on his skate-board. It is how Jean Legget broke her hip and she stairss rapidly back and a adult female drives an cubitus into her shoulder. Sorry, sorry, Frightened now. There is a adult male playing a guitar and singing aloud. She closes her eyes. Back. Still acquire back for tiffin. Not even missed. Tomato soup and scrambled eggs and small trigons of dry toast. Tuesday. Eat up misss. Lovely tiffin. Easy to travel back, ( merely in the garden, lovely twenty-four hours ) . Except she promised. She opened her eyes. Think. Think difficult. remain still and decelerate and believe. She looked every twenty-four hours at the timetables. Tuesday. Eleven-fifteen going. She folds her weaponries around her organic structure and squeezing. Stop. Stop the shaking. Jack strokes her weaponries and her thighs and back and chests. Breathes into her ear and her oral cavity. Warm and Sweet. So sweet. ( I can # 8217 ; t make it Jack. ) Walk easy. Travel your organic structure carefully out of the manner of the people autos skateboards motorcycles. Plenty of clip. Eleven-fifteen going. She asks the adult female with the ruddy puffed up hair for the ticked. I-am-visiting-my-son. She practised that excessively and her voice comes out with barely a frisson and she smiles her victory over the counter. The adult female smiles back. She doesn # 8217 ; t understand she is covering with an at large inmate. She has the ticket and the alteration in her manus. Almost at that place. Almost. The stairss are higher and more hard than she remembers. Keep on tight to the bannister. Push down with your custodies and one pes at a clip? The driver comes down and he blink of an eyes at her and takes her arm. Alright love? Yes. Alright. Love. And all of a sudden it is the escapade she knew it would be. Siting high up on the coach beside the window. Cipher will look for me here. I # 8217 ; m making it. I # 8217 ; m making it. Traveling place like she promised. She beams at the bird beside her. Black-black hair and bantam Ag rings in her ears and in her nose. I-am-visiting-my-son. The miss strabismuss back at her with remarkably green eyes. Yeah? It is hot in the coach. Hotter the further they go. Pictures fly past her ; houses, motorway, farm houses tucked up off in the trees, autos, hills and trees. She takes her hankie from her bag and wipes her face. Missed. Past tiffin. Search parties and choppers and Canis familiariss. She dabs at her cheeks with the hankie. The gypsy-girl expressions at her. Alright are ya? A large hot? She twiddles with something above their caputs. Air conditioning. Better, eh? She smiles. A glorious benevolent smiling. -Michelle. Its me name. Michelle. -Its a pretty name, Michelle. -Yeah? She smiles once more. -Th e misss takes a cocoa saloon out of her bag and easy chaws, what does he make so? -He? Her bosom is beating, ( who? , what does he make? ) -Sorry? -Your boy that you # 8217 ; re sing. What does he make? -Hasn # 8217 ; t rehearse this. Think. Thinks. -In a bank. He works in a bank. -Yeah? Smiles. Proud of me Jack. Can still do it. Think on the topographic point. Forget how to in at that place. Jenny Oliver with her bleached blue doll eyes and picket pouched face. Standing still like she # 8217 ; s all of a sudden remembered something and there is a thin watercourse of urine easy easy running down her legs doing a skant dark yellow puddle on the floor. You watch the puddle on the floor and her face crumple and you are about shouting her shame with her. Except there are no cryings. When you # 8217 ; rhenium old you can # 8217 ; t even make or shout decently. And cipher touches you except to pass over something.Closes her eyes. Her boy in a bank. Because of the neighbors stating about her. The burn and so the autumn. It could # 8217 ; ve happened to anybody, go forthing the range on like that. But the hurting, the scorching ice-cold biting clasp of it. Dazed for that hebdomad or two after but experiencing a spot better and that subdivision needed taking away. Barricading the kitchen window. She ever likes to see out and it was easy skiping up on the measure ladder and it wasn # 8217 ; t excessively high except she leaned excessively far. Falling and the subdivisions clawing viciously against her organic structure. She heard the swoon catch that was her arm. Falling in and out of the gold ruddy Ag pinpoints of visible radiation, I # 8217 ; m dead now, aren # 8217 ; T I? One of the childs next door saw her. Lucky, could # 8217 ; ve been there all dark, could # 8217 ; ve died out at that place. Fantastic for her age, but.Lucky? Vomiting ; choking on it and turn all over her. Smelling it in the ambulance. Hating it and herself. She # 8217 ; d neer hated her organic structure up boulder clay so. She saw how Tom looked at the black oculus and the contusions and the ruddy crying sore on her manus and the plaster. Mum please. Mum please. His eyes are Jack # 8217 ; s. She can neer state no to them. I can # 8217 ; t maintain a proper oculus on you now we # 8217 ; re in Wellington and with Kate off until following twelvemonth. Mum please, its best. We merely want what # 8217 ; s best for you, Mum. She wants to garner him up into her weaponries and do it better except now its her who # 8217 ; s small and vulnerable and weak. Now she # 8217 ; s the kid except he # 8217 ; s excessively busy. What # 8217 ; s best for me. What # 8217 ; s best for me is dead or endorse how things were. Me and Jack and Tom and Katy. On the grove. Up Central. Jack said it, what about an grove up Central? and the words were a enigma and a thaumaturgy. Down at the river with the rocks hot and the H2O like green glassy ice. At dark. Your custodies. Jack, lathering my dorsum in the bath. You hands strong and brown and house and traveling down my immature shoulders, my immature hips, my immature house belly. Your custodies, Jack and your organic structure with mine, spooned against mine tardily in the hot dark. My manus cupped on your hip and Tom and Katy take a breathing soft and strong from the following suites. That. That or dead.If you think so affectionately. If you think so. But they are at that place and she holds onto Michelle # 8217 ; s arm acquiring down the stairss. The heat hits her. Dry and scorching. The utterly bluish blue sky and that Sun of her face. She feels it through her frock in the remembered manner and breathes in the heat and gimmicks it in her pharynx. An grove up Central. She is hungry, all of a sudden, for the first clip in months and she buys a pie and a pick roll and takes them to the park. She eats them out of the brown paper bag and the gravy is hot and salty against her lips and runs over her mentum. She easy licks the pick with her lingua. Glorious. Glorious twenty-four hours with the Sun on her shoulders and weaponries and caput. She chews easy and watches the tulips glimmer and silky in the visible radiation. Jack # 8217 ; vitamin Ds say it # 8217 ; s a scorcher. She takes a scarf from her bag and wraps it around her caput. It is about finished. Now the last portion. She finds the cab base beside the commemoration and she directs the driver. She will state him the house. Visiting-my-son. On the grove. Lovely twenty-four hours. And surging over the familiar route. About. Nearly place. Around the curves and yesteryear the pines and the school and the shop and the saloon and here is the last corner. She watches for it and cries out for him to halt. No, non down the thrust. She likes to walk. Person is anticipating me. Person is waiting for me. She waits until the auto bends and so she begins to walk down the crushed rock route. She doesn # 8217 ; t expression at the house. It is non the same any more and cipher is at that place. This is her place, this is the topographic point that she loves. Here, where each season is crisp and so defined it is a play, a famed event. The poplars turning. The serviettes frozen stiff and white on the line and the Sun frozen manner up behind Grey glass. The daintiness of cherry flower so the aureate yearss. The dry searing heat. She follows the crushed rock route and so she is down onto the path. She has to force at the lupins and the wild thorny rose hip shrubs to acquire through. She will hold to state him to cut it all back once more. But here now is her river. The dark jade of it. The glittering Ag skim of the surface. The soft midst trees inching it. She walks over to it and cups H2O in her custodies and pours it over her face and sits on the rocks near to it and tickers and listens. She can # 8217 ; t hear them yet but they will come. She lies back on the warm difficult rocks and digs against them with her pess and her custodies. The Sun is crushing, whipping and she holds her face up to it. She closes her eyes for merely a minute and rests her cheek against the warm rocks and so she hears the voices. It is Katy, Tommy, naming, shouting out, laughing and she opens her eyes to watch. Their smooth small brown organic structures glitter in the H2O. Katy throws back her caput and her long wet hair watercourses around her shoulders. They glide along the river on the Sur which is like a black sleek seal. Jack comes so and topographic points he manus on her cheek. He draws her caput against him cradling it against his organic structure. He rocks, rocks her ; he is so gentle, so so stamp but his custodies are strong and he holds her tightly while she demands it and he whispers, susurrations against her ear and his oral cavity gustatory sensations like salt.